GEN MAKANIKA RUKUNDA: Urugendo rw’Intwari mu Rugamba n’Umurage Yasize mu Mateka ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo
Urugendo rwa Gen Rukunda Michel, wamamaye ku izina rya “Makanika”, ruri mu nkuru zikomeye zaranze amateka y’umutekano mu misozi y’i Mulenge no mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo muri rusange. Yabaye umwe mu basirikare bakomoka mu Banyamulenge bagize uruhare rugaragara mu bihe bitandukanye by’intambara zayogoje uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Gen Makanika yavukiye mu Gitoga, mu Rurambo, teritwari ya Uvira, mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, mu 1975. Amashuri abanza yayize mu Bibangwa, ayakomereza i Kabingo muri Minembwe, naho ayisumbuye ayigira ku Monyi. Mu 1994, yambutse ajya mu Rwanda, aho yahise yinjira mu gisirikare akorerayo amahugurwa i Gashora, mu gihe akarere kari mu bihe bikomeye by’impinduka za politiki n’umutekano.
Mu 1996, yinjiye mu mutwe wa Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL), watangije intambara yo gukuraho ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, mu gihe icyo gihugu cyitwaga Zaïre. Muri uru rugamba, Makanika yagaragaje uruhare mu mirwano yabereye mu kibaya cya Rusizi no mu bice bya Uvira, Fizi na Baraka. Nyuma y’ishingwa rya Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD) mu 1998, habayeho kwivanga kw’imitwe itandukanye mu ntambara ya kabiri ya Congo; Makanika yagiye mu mitwe yayirwanyaga, aza no gufungwa mbere yo kongera gufungurwa agasubira mu mirwano mu bice bya Uvira na Bijombo. Mu bihe byakurikiyeho, yazamutse mu ntera za gisirikare kugeza ayoboye batayo.
Amaze kwinjira mu ngabo za Leta ya RDC, yagizwe Komanda wa Brigade i Uvira. Icyakora, nyuma y’igihe gito, yaje kutumvikana n’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare, ava mu ngabo za Leta ashinga umutwe wa Gumino wari ufite ibirindiro bikomeye mu Bijabo, mu misozi y’i Mulenge. Uyu mutwe wamaze imyaka irenga itatu mu mirwano, mbere y’uko Makanika asubira mu gisirikare cya Leta mu 2009, mu rwego rwa gahunda yo guhuza no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Agarutse muri Leta, yahawe inshingano mu bikorwa bya gisirikare birimo Operation Amani Leo i Bukavu, agamije kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no kugarura umutekano. Yaje no koherezwa muri Ituri, aho yitabiriye ibikorwa byo guhashya inyeshyamba no guhosha amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Mu 2020, yongeye kuva mu gisirikare cya Leta ajya ku Ndondo, yinjira mu mutwe wa Twirwaneho. Icyo gihe bivugwa ko yatangiranye n’abasore bake n’intwaro nkeya, ariko mu gihe gito atangira kubaka umutwe ufite imiyoborere n’imikorere ihamye. Twirwaneho yagiye ihangana n’imitwe itandukanye irimo Mai-Mai Biroze Bishambuke, Red Tabara, ndetse n’ingabo za Leta ya RDC (FARDC), hamwe n’ingabo z’u Burundi n’iza Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR), nk’uko byagiye bitangazwa n’impande zitandukanye.
Abamushyigikiye bavuga ko yagize uruhare mu kugarura no kugenzura ibice bimwe byo Mucyohagati mu misozi y’i Mulenge, anashishikariza urubyiruko rw’Abanyamulenge gushyira hamwe no kwirwanaho mu rwego rwo gushaka imbaraga.
Tariki ya 19/02/2025, Gen Makanika yishwe n’igitero cy’indege zitagira abapilote (drone), cyavuzwe ko cyakozwe n’ingabo za Leta ya RDC, apfana n’abasirikare be batanu. Urupfu rwe rwabaye inkuru ikomeye mu bice bya Minembwe no mu Banyamulenge baba mu mahanga, cyane ko yari amaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri mu buzima bwa gisirikare no mu ntambara zitandukanye.
Mu rwego rw’amateka, ubuzima bwa Makanika bujyanye n’ibihe bikomeye byaranze uburasirazuba bwa RDC kuva ku ntambara ya mbere ya Congo (1996–1997) n’iya kabiri (1998–2003), kugeza ku makimbirane akomeje kwaduka mu misozi ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Yabaye umwe mu basirikare bagaragaje uko ibibazo by’umutekano muri ako karere bifitanye isano n’amateka y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ubufatanye n’amakimbirane by’ibihugu by’ibituranyi, ndetse n’ibibazo by’imbere mu gihugu.
Kuri ubu, Abanyamulenge batuye hirya no hino ku isi bakomeje kumwibuka; benshi bashyira amashusho n’ubutumwa bwo kumwunamira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bagaragaza akababaro n’ishimwe ku ruhare rwe. Hateguwe kandi imihango yo kumwibuka mu bihugu bitandukanye: muri Uganda umuhango uteganyijwe kubera i Kampala, mu gihe muri Kenya uzabera i Nairobi, by’umwihariko mu gace ka Kasarani.
Gen Rukunda “Makanika” asize amateka atavugwaho rumwe: kuri bamwe ni intwari yarwaniye uburenganzira n’umutekano by’abo akomokamo; ku bandi ni umwe mu bagize uruhare mu gukomeza uruziga rw’intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Icyakora, nta gushidikanya ko izina rye rizakomeza kugaruka mu nkuru no mu isesengura ry’amateka y’umutekano yaranze Kivu y’Amajyepfo mu bihe byashize no muri iki gihe.
