Intwaro za “Cluster Bombs”: Uko Zikora, Ingaruka Zazo n’Impamvu Zitera Impaka Mpuzamahanga
Mu bihe by’intambara zikomeye, ikoreshwa ry’intwaro rikomeje gutera imbere mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga n’imikorere. Muri izo ntwaro harimo izizwi ku izina rya “cluster bombs”, zikunze kuvugwaho cyane kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwangiza ahantu hanini icyarimwe, ndetse n’ingaruka zikomeye zisigira abasivile. Hari amakuru agaragaza ko ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, birimo na Iran, bikoresha cyangwa bifite izi ntwaro mu bubiko bwabyo.
“Cluster bomb” ni igisasu kinini (cy’ingenzi) kiraswa n’indege, roketi cyangwa misile, maze kimaze kugera mu kirere kikifungura, kikarekura udusasu duto twinshi cyane (tuzwi nka submunitions). Utu dusasu duto dukwira ku buso bunini cyane, bitewe n’uburebure bw’aho icyo gisasu gifunguriwe n’umuyaga uhari.
Ibi bituma iyo ntwaro igira ubushobozi bwo kwibasira ahantu hanini icyarimwe, nko ku birindiro by’ingabo, imodoka za gisirikare, cyangwa ibindi bikorwaremezo by’ingenzi.
Iyo “cluster bomb” irashwe:
Igisasu kinini kigenda mu kirere kigana ku ntego cyahawe.
Kigeze ku burebure runaka, kirifungura (hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho).
Gisohora udusasu duto twinshi cyane, dushobora kuba amagana cyangwa ibihumbi.
Utu dusasu duto tugwa hasi, tugaturika buri kamwe ukwako, bigatera ibisasu byinshi icyarimwe mu gace kanini.
Ibi bituma yangiza ibintu byinshi mu gihe gito, kandi bikagora cyane guhunga cyangwa kwirinda iyo agace kose kari kwibasirwa.
Nubwo izi ntwaro zifite akamaro mu rwego rwa gisirikare, zifite ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku baturage basanzwe:
Kutagira aho uhungira: Bitewe n’uko udusasu duto dukwira hose, n’abasivile bashobora kubigiramo ingaruka n’iyo baba batari ku rugamba.
Udusasu tudaturika (duds): Hari igihe utwo dusasu duto tudahita duturika. Tuguma mu butaka nk’ibisasu byihishe (landmines), tukazaturika nyuma iyo hari ubikozeho.
Akaga karambye: Ibi bituma ahahoze imirwano hashobora kuguma hateye akaga imyaka myinshi, bikabangamira ubuhinzi, ubwikorezi n’imibereho rusange y’abaturage.
Izi ntwaro zatangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu kinyejana cya 20, cyane cyane mu ntambara zikomeye nka:
Intambara yo muri Vietnam,
Intambara zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati,
ndetse no mu zindi ntambara zabereye hirya no hino ku isi.
Kubera ingaruka mbi zazo ku basivile, ibihugu byinshi byashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga abuza ikoreshwa ry’izi ntwaro, azwi nka Convention on Cluster Munitions yo mu 2008. Aya masezerano agamije kubuza ikoreshwa, ikorwa n’ikwirakwizwa ry’izi ntwaro.
Ariko kandi, hari ibihugu bikomeye mu bya gisirikare bitarayashyiraho umukono, bigatuma ikoreshwa ryazo rikomeza kuba impaka mu rwego mpuzamahanga.
Muri rusange, “cluster bombs” ni intwaro ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwangiza ahantu hanini mu gihe gito, ariko ikaba inafite ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku buzima bw’abasivile n’iterambere ry’ahantu ikoreshwa. Ibi bituma ikomeza kuba imwe mu ntwaro zivugwaho cyane ku isi, aho impaka ziri hagati y’inyungu za gisirikare n’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu zikomeje gufata indi ntera.