Ibiganiro bya Genève: Intambwe Nshya mu Rugendo Rugoye rw’Amahoro hagati ya Kinshasa na AFC/M23
Mu gihe umutekano ukomeje kuzamba mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, haravugwa indi ntambwe mu biganiro by’amahoro hagati ya Leta ya Kinshasa n’ihuriro rya Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC/M23). Ibi biganiro bishya bizabera i Genève mu Busuwisi, nk’uko aya makuru abyerekana, nyuma yo kwimurwa bikavanwa i Doha muri Qatar, ahari hateganyijwe ko ari ho bizabera, bitewe n’impamvu z’umutekano muke mu karere k’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga, ibi biganiro biteganyijwe kuba hagati muri uku kwezi kwa kane turimo. Bizaba bibaye mu gihe ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi ku rugamba, aho imirwano igikomeje, abaturage bagahunga, ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bikomeje kudindira mu bice byinshi by’intara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo.
M23 yashinzwe n’abasirikare bahoze mu ngabo za FARDC bavuga ko Leta ya Congo yanze kubahiriza amasezerano yasinywe tariki ya 23/03/2009 hagati yayo n’uyu mutwe. Nyuma yo gutsindwa mu 2013, M23 yongeye kwiyubaka mu 2021, isubira mu mirwano, ifata ibice byinshi by’ingenzi mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Epfo.
Kuva icyo gihe, intambara hagati ya FARDC n’uyu mutwe ubarizwa mu ihuriro rya AFC yakomeje gukaza umurego. Gusa, abaturage bavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda bagaragaza ko hari aho baruhukiye, kuko abari mu bice bigenzurwa na AFC/M23 bavuga ko babasha kwidegembya, mu gihe mbere bavugaga ko batotezwaga n’ingabo za FARDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorana na zo nka FDLR na Wazalendo.
Tariki ya 15/11/2025, impande zombi zasinyanye amasezerano yiswe ay’amahoro i Doha muri Qatar, agamije guhagarika imirwano no gutangiza inzira y’ibiganiro bya politiki. Gusa, nubwo ayo masezerano yari atanga icyizere, ntiyigeze atanga umusaruro ugaragara ku butaka.
Imirwano yakomeje hirya no hino, buri ruhande rushinja urundi kutubahiriza ibyo rwiyemeje. AFC/M23 yakomeje gushinja Leta ya Kinshasa gufatanya n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka Wazalendo, mu gihe Leta na yo yashinjaga uyu mutwe gukomeza kwagura ibice ugenzura.
Ibiganiro by’i Genève byitezweho kongera guhuza impande zombi mu buryo buziguye kandi bwizewe kurushaho, cyane ko biri kuyoborwa n’abahuza mpuzamahanga bafite ubunararibonye mu gukemura amakimbirane.
Icyakora, hari impungenge zikomeje kugaragazwa n’abasesenguzi, bavuga ko nta cyizere gihamye cy’uko ibi biganiro bizatanga umusaruro, mu gihe ku rugamba ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi, ndetse n’ubwizerane hagati y’impande zombi bukiri hasi cyane.
Kugeza ubu, AFC/M23 iracyafite ibice byinshi by’ingenzi mu maboko yayo, cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo n’iy’Amajyaruguru, harimo uduce dufite akamaro kanini mu bucuruzi no mu bwikorezi. Ku rundi ruhande, FARDC, ifatanyije n’ingabo z’amahanga n’imitwe ya Wazalendo, ikomeje kugerageza gukoresha imbaraga za gisirikare.
Abaturage bakomeje kuba ari bo bahura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’iyi ntambara, aho ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bakomeje guhunga ingo zabo; bamwe bakambuka imipaka bajya mu bihugu by’ibituranyi, abandi bakaba mu nkambi z’impunzi imbere mu gihugu.
Nubwo ibiganiro biteganyijwe, ikibazo cy’umuzi w’aya makimbirane kiracyahari: ibibazo by’imiyoborere, ivangura, uburenganzira bw’amoko, n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere. Ibi byose bisaba ibisubizo birambye kandi byimbitse, birenze ibiganiro bya gisirikare gusa.
Ibiganiro bya Genève bishobora kuba amahirwe mashya yo gusubukura inzira y’amahoro, ariko bizasaba ubushake bwa politiki bw’impande zombi, gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage, no kubahiriza ibyo bemeranyijeho.
Mu gihe isi ihanze amaso ibyo biganiro, abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bakomeje gutegereza igisubizo kirambye cyabahesha amahoro, umutekano n’uburenganzira busesuye.