OTAN: Imbaraga z’Igisirikare Kirusha Ibindi ku Isi, Amateka Yayo n’Inshingano mu Mutekano Mpuzamahanga
Umuryango wa OTAN (uzwi cyane nka NATO) ukomeje kuba imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’umutekano ku isi, cyane cyane mu gihe umubano wa politiki n’igisirikare hagati y’ibihugu byo ku mpande z’inyanja ya Atlantika ukomeje guhindagurika.
Ibi byongeye kugaragara nyuma y’uko habayeho kutumvikana hagati ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku bijyanye n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakorewe kuri Iran, ndetse n’imvugo za Donald Trump zigaragaza ko ashobora gukura Amerika muri OTAN.
Ibi bituma hibazwa ikibazo gikomeye: ese OTAN idafite Amerika yaba igifite imbaraga zihagije zo gukomeza kuba igisirikare gikomeye ku isi?
OTAN yashinzwe mu 1949, itangirana n’ibihugu 12 birimo Amerika, u Bwongereza, Canada n’u Bufaransa. Intego nyamukuru yari ugukumira ikwirakwira ry’ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti bwari buyobowe n’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.
Ihame rikomeye ry’uyu muryango ni iryitwa “kwirwanaho rusange”, rivuga ko igitero ku gihugu kimwe mu bigize OTAN gifatwa nk’igitero ku bindi byose (Ingingo ya 5).
Nyuma yo gusenyuka kw’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, OTAN yaragutse cyane, yakira ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bw’Iburasirazuba, ibintu byakomeje gutera impungenge u Burusiya kugeza n’ubu.
Nubwo OTAN idafite ingabo zayo zihoraho, igizwe n’ibihugu 32 bifite ingabo zifite ubushobozi buhanitse cyane ku isi. Iyo bihuriye ku gikorwa, iba imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye kurusha izindi zose za gisirikare.
Imbaraga z’ingenzi OTAN ifite:
- Ingengo y’imari ya gisirikare nini cyane:
Amerika yonyine itanga hafi 66% by’ingengo y’imari ya OTAN, bigatuma iba umusingi w’imbaraga zayo. - Ikoranabuhanga rihanitse:
OTAN ifite indege z’intambara zigezweho (zirimo n’izitwara ibisasu bya misile zihanitse), drones, n’uburyo bugezweho bwo gukusanya amakuru (intelligence systems). - Intwaro za kirimbuzi (nuclear weapons):
Ibihugu nk’u Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza bifite izi ntwaro, mu gihe Amerika ari yo ifite ubushobozi bukomeye kurusha izindi zose muri OTAN. - Ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingabo vuba (rapid deployment):
OTAN ishobora kohereza abasirikare ibihumbi mu minsi mike aho ari ho hose ku isi. - Imyitozo ya gisirikare ihuriweho:
Imyitozo nka “Steadfast Defender” ihuza abasirikare ibihumbi byinshi, igamije kongera ubufatanye n’ubushobozi bwo kurwana.
Mu mateka yayo, OTAN yagiye igira uruhare mu bikorwa bikomeye bya gisirikare:
- Mu ntambara zo muri Bosnia mu myaka ya 1990
- Mu bikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba muri Afghanistan
- Mu bugenzuzi bw’umutekano mu nyanja ya Mediterane
- Mu butumwa bwo guhugura ingabo muri Iraq
Intego yayo si ugutera ibindi bihugu, ahubwo ni:
- Kurinda abanyamuryango bayo
- Gukumira intambara mbere y’uko iba
- Gufasha mu guhangana n’iterabwoba n’ibibazo by’umutekano mpuzamahanga
Ariko abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko OTAN idafite Amerika ubushobozi bwayo bwagabanuka cyane, kuko:
- Amerika ifite indege zitwara ibikoresho byinshi n’ingabo ku rwego rwo hejuru
- Ifite ubushobozi buhanitse mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubutasi
- Ifite uruhare runini mu miyoborere ya OTAN
Ariko kandi, ibihugu by’i Burayi bifite ingabo zikomeye kandi byatangiye kongera ingengo y’imari yabyo mu gisirikare, bigaragaza ko bishobora kugabanya icyo cyuho mu gihe kirekire.
Mu gihe intambara ya Ukraine n’u Burusiya ikomeje, OTAN iri kongera imbaraga zayo ku mupaka w’iburasirazuba bw’u Burayi, ndetse iteganya kongera abasirikare biteguye kugera ku barenga 300,000.
Ibi bigaragaza ko uyu muryango ukomeje kwitegura guhangana n’ibibazo bishya by’umutekano, cyane cyane ibituruka ku bihugu bifite imbaraga za gisirikare nk’u Burusiya.
Mu gusoza, OTAN ni ihuriro rikomeye ku rwego rw’isi rifite amateka akomeye n’imbaraga zidasanzwe za gisirikare. Nubwo Amerika ari yo nkingi y’ingenzi iyigize, ibihugu by’i Burayi nabyo bifite uruhare rukomeye kandi birimo kwiyubaka kurushaho.
Mu buryo bwagutse, OTAN igamije kurinda umutekano w’abanyamuryango bayo no gukumira intambara ku isi, kandi kugeza ubu ikomeje kuba igikoresho gikomeye mu kubungabunga ituze mpuzamahanga.