Icyorezo cya Ebola Cyongeye Gushyira Afurika n’Isi Mu Bihe Bikomeye
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, World Health Organization (WHO), ryatangaje ko icyorezo cya Ebola gikomeje guteza impungenge zikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nyuma y’uko hagaragaye ubwiyongere bw’abandura ndetse n’abahitanwa n’iyi ndwara mu bihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati no mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Amakuru aturuka mu nzego z’ubuzima agaragaza ko ubwoko bushya kandi budasanzwe bwa Ebola buri gukwirakwira cyane cyane muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) no muri Uganda, aho abaturage benshi bamaze kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara, mu gihe abandi bamaze guhitanwa na yo.
WHO yavuze ko iki cyorezo kiri gutera impungenge zikomeye kubera ko ubu bwoko bwa Ebola butaragira urukingo cyangwa imiti byemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibintu bituma inzego z’ubuzima ku isi zongera gukaza ingamba zo kugikumira mbere y’uko kirushaho gukwira mu bindi bihugu.
Ebola ni indwara yandura yibasira cyane abantu n’inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe, ikaba iterwa na virusi yo mu bwoko bwa Filoviridae. Yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1976 hafi y’uruzi rwa Ebola muri RDC, ari na ho yakuye izina ryayo.
Iyi ndwara izwiho kugira ubukana bukomeye cyane kuko ishobora kwica hagati ya 25% na 90% by’abayanduye, bitewe n’ubwoko bwa virusi ndetse n’uburyo ubuvuzi bwihutirwa bwatanzwe.
Abahanga bavuga ko Ebola iri mu ndwara z’ibyorezo zihitana abantu benshi mu gihe gito, cyane cyane iyo igihugu cyahuye na yo kidafite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kuyikumira no kuyivura.
Mu myaka yashize, Ebola yagiye igaragara mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika birimo:
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC)
Uganda
Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Sudan y’Epfo
Gabon
Côte d’Ivoire
Mali
Nigeria
Icyorezo gikomeye kurusha ibindi cyabaye hagati ya 2014 na 2016 muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba, cyane cyane muri Guinea, Liberia na Sierra Leone, aho abantu barenga ibihumbi 11 bahasize ubuzima, mu gihe abarenga ibihumbi 28 banduye.
Icyo gihe isi yose yashyizwe mu gihirahiro kubera umuvuduko iki cyorezo cyakwirakwiraga ndetse n’uburyo cyari cyarananiye ibihugu byinshi.
Ebola yandurira mu guhura n’amaraso, ibyuya, amacandwe cyangwa andi matembabuzi y’umuntu wanduye cyangwa wapfuye azize iyi ndwara.
Ishobora kandi kwandurira:
Mu gukora ku murwayi nta bikoresho bikingira
Mu gukoresha ibikoresho byanduye
Mu gukora ku mirambo y’abazize Ebola
Mu kurya inyama z’inyamaswa zanduye zidatetse neza
Abaganga bavuga ko umuntu wayanduye ashobora gukomeza gukwirakwiza virusi igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye kugaragara.
Ibimenyetso bya Ebola bishobora gutangira nyuma y’iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 21 umuntu yanduye. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo:
Umuriro mwinshi
Kubabara umutwe bikabije
Gucika intege
Kuribwa imikaya n’ingingo
Kuruka no gucibwamo
Kubabara mu nda
Kubura appetit
Kuva amaraso mu kanwa, mu mazuru cyangwa ahandi ku mubiri igihe indwara ikaze
Abantu bagaragaza ibi bimenyetso basabwa kujyanwa kwa muganga byihuse kugira ngo bitabweho hakiri kare kandi hirindwe ko bakwanduza abandi.
WHO n’izindi nzego mpuzamahanga zihangayikishijwe cyane n’uko ubu bwoko bwa Ebola buri kugaragara mu bihugu bifite urujya n’uruza rw’abantu benshi, cyane cyane hagati ya RDC, Uganda n’ibindi bihugu byo mu karere.
Hari impungenge ko iyi virusi ishobora gukwira vuba bitewe n’ingendo mpuzamahanga, ubuhahirane ndetse n’imipaka ihuza ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika.
Ikindi gihangayikishije ni uko hari aho abaturage bagifite amakuru make kuri Ebola, bigatuma bamwe badakurikiza amabwiriza yo kwirinda cyangwa bagahisha abarwayi.
Abahanga mu buzima batanga inama zikurikira kugira ngo abantu birinde iki cyorezo:
Gukaraba intoki kenshi ukoresheje amazi meza n’isabune
Kwirinda gukora ku muntu ugaragaza ibimenyetso bya Ebola
Kwirinda gukora ku maraso cyangwa andi matembabuzi y’umurwayi
Kujya kwa muganga igihe hagaragaye ibimenyetso bikekwa
Kwirinda gukora ku mirambo y’abazize indwara zitazwi
Gukurikiza amabwiriza atangwa n’inzego z’ubuzima
Kwirinda kurya inyama z’inyamaswa zidatetse neza
Mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwira rya Ebola, ibihugu byinshi byatangiye kongera gukaza igenzura ku mipaka no ku bibuga by’indege, ndetse hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gusuzuma abantu bafite ibimenyetso bikekwa.
WHO yasabye ibihugu byose gukomeza gukorana bya hafi no gusangira amakuru yihuse ku cyorezo kugira ngo hatagira igihugu gitungurwa n’ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara.
Abahanga bavuga ko nubwo Ebola ari indwara ikomeye kandi yica vuba, kuyimenya hakiri kare no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’ubuzima bishobora kugabanya cyane ubwandu n’impfu ziterwa na yo.