Amerika n’u Busuwisi byinjiye mu biganiro bya AFC/M23 na Kinshasa — Rubaya n’umutungo wa Congo biri ku isonga
Mu gihe ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo gikomeje gufata indi ntera, intumwa za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’iz’u Busuwisi zagiriye uruzinduko muri ako karere kugira ngo zisuzume aho ibiganiro hagati ya Leta ya Kinshasa n’ihuriro Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC/M23) bigeze, ndetse no kureba niba amasezerano aheruka gusinywa ari gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibi bikorwa biri kuba mu gihe amahanga akomeje gushyira igitutu ku mpande zose zirebwa n’iyi ntambara, hagamijwe gushaka umuti urambye ku bibazo by’umutekano bimaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga birimo RFI, mu cyumweru gishize intumwa z’Abanyamerika n’iz’u Busuwisi zari i Kinshasa, aho zagiranye ibiganiro n’abahagarariye Leta ya Congo mu mishyikirano ibera i Doha muri Qatar.
Izi ntumwa zari zagiye gusuzuma uko hashyirwa mu bikorwa amasezerano abiri yashyizweho umukono hagati y’impande zihanganye. Ariko amakuru ava muri ibyo biganiro agaragaza ko ibintu bitifashe neza, kuko byinshi bikubiye muri ayo masezerano bitarubahirizwa.
Mu byo impande zombi zashinjanyije harimo:
- kutubahiriza agahenge,
- gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare,
- ndetse no kutarekura imfungwa zari zaremejwe mu masezerano.
Ibi byatumye amahanga atangira kubona ko inzira y’ibiganiro ishobora kongera guhura n’imbogamizi zikomeye niba nta gitutu gikomeye gishyizwe ku mpande zose.
Nyuma y’uruzinduko rwabo i Kinshasa, intumwa z’u Busuwisi zari ziteganyijwe gukomereza i Goma kugira ngo zibonane n’abahagarariye AFC/M23. Ariko kubera impungenge z’indwara ya Ebola, zahisemo guhagarara i Gisenyi ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda.
Ni bwo abahagarariye AFC/M23 bambutse umupaka bajya kubasangayo, maze kuva tariki ya 26 kugeza ku ya 27 Gicurasi 2026 habaho ibiganiro byamaze iminsi ibiri.
Aya makuru agaragaza uburyo u Rwanda rukomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye muri dosiye y’umutekano wa Congo, cyane cyane ko ibiganiro byinshi bifitanye isano n’Iburasirazuba bwa RDC bikomeje kubera mu bihugu bituranye cyangwa bifite inyungu muri ako karere.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye biri ku meza y’ibiganiro ni site minier ya Rubaya, iherereye muri territoire ya Masisi, muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Rubaya izwi cyane kubera umutungo kamere ukungahaye cyane cyane ku mabuye ya coltan, cassitérite na lithium, amabuye akoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho harimo:
- telefoni,
- mudasobwa,
- imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi,
- ndetse n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare bigezweho.
Amakuru aturuka mu bayobozi bakurikiranira hafi ibi biganiro avuga ko Amerika iri gushyira imbaraga nyinshi kuri Rubaya kubera inyungu z’ubukungu n’umutekano ifite muri ayo mabuye y’agaciro.
Mu mwaka ushize, Washington yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na Kinshasa, ibintu byatumye Rubaya iba imwe mu ngingo zikomeye cyane ziri mu mishyikirano iri kuba ubu.
AFC/M23 nayo yigeze gutangaza ko yiteguye kugirana ibiganiro bitaziguye na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku micungire y’iyo site, ibintu byerekanye ko iri huriro rya Alliance Fleuve Congo rishaka kugira abafatanyabikorwa n’imikoranire n’ibihugu bikomeye.
Mu gihe ibiganiro bya dipolomasi bikomeje, ku rugamba ibintu bikomeje gufata indi ntera.
Ingabo za FARDC zikomeje ibitero byo ku butaka no mu kirere bigamije kwisubiza Rubaya. By’umwihariko, hifashishwa drones z’intambara zikomeje kugaba ibitero ku birindiro bivugwa ko bigenzurwa na AFC/M23.
Ariko amakuru ava muri ako gace avuga ko ibi bitero byateje:
- impfu z’abasivile,
- gukomeretsa abaturage,
- ndetse no kwangirika kw’ibikorwa remezo n’imitungo y’abaturage.
Ibi ni byo byatumye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zisaba impande zombi kugabanya ubushyamirane no guhagarika ibikorwa bishobora gukomeza gushyira abaturage mu kaga.
Nubwo intambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC ikunze kuvugwamo imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’ibibazo by’amoko, abasesenguzi benshi bagaragaza ko intandaro nyamukuru ifitanye isano n’umutungo kamere uri muri aka karere.
Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Epfo bifite ubutunzi bwinshi cyane bw’amabuye y’agaciro akenerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibi byatumye:
- ibihugu bikomeye,
- ibihugu bituranye,
- imitwe yitwaje intwaro,
- ndetse n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’ubucukuzi,
bihora bishaka kugira ijambo kuri uwo mutungo.
Ni muri urwo rwego bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko ibiganiro biri kuba ubu hagati ya Kinshasa, AFC/M23, Amerika n’u Busuwisi bitareba gusa amahoro, ahubwo harimo no kugena uburyo umutungo wa Congo uzagenzurwa mu gihe kiri imbere.
Uburasirazuba bwa RDC bumaze imyaka myinshi mu ntambara zikurikirana kuva mu mwaka wa 1996.
Kuva icyo gihe:
- imitwe myinshi yaravutse,
- ibihugu byinshi byagiye byinjira muri ayo makimbirane,
- abaturage miliyoni nyinshi baricwa cyangwa bahunga ingo zabo.
M23 yongeye kubura imirwano ikomeye kuva mu 2021, maze mu 2025 ifata imijyi ikomeye irimo Goma na Bukavu, ibintu byahinduye cyane isura y’intambara mu karere.
Nubwo habaye:
- amasezerano hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda yasinyiwe i Washington mu kwezi kwa Kamena 2025,
- ndetse n’itangazo ry’amahame hagati ya M23 na Kinshasa ryasinyiwe muri Qatar mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2025,
imirwano n’ubwicanyi bikomeje kugaragara mu bice byinshi by’Iburasirazuba bwa Congo.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko amahoro arambye ashobora kugerwaho gusa igihe hazabaho:
- ubushake bwa politiki ku mpande zose,
- kugabana mu mucyo inyungu z’umutungo kamere,
- guhagarika kwivanga kw’amahanga,
- no gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage aho gushyira imbere inyungu z’ubukungu n’iza gisirikare.
