FDLR: Imizi y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, urwango ku Batutsi n’ibyaha bikomeje kuvugwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC — Ibyo raporo ya Loni yashyize ahagaragara
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
Raporo nshya y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku bikorwa by’ingabo zawo ziri muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (MONUSCO), ikubiyemo igihe kuva ku itariki ya 20/06 kugeza ku itariki ya 18/09/2026, yagaragaje ibikorwa bikomeye byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu bishinjwa umutwe witwaje intwaro wa FDLR mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Nk’uko bigaragara muri iyo raporo y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yagejejwe ku Nama y’Umutekano, FDLR yagize uruhare nibura mu bikorwa 44 byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibindi bibazo bijyanye no kurengera abaturage, byagize ingaruka ku bantu 89, barimo 15 bishwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko.
Ibyo bikorwa byibanze cyane mu duce twa Rutshuru, Masisi, Nyiragongo na Walikale, mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Mu byaha byagaragajwe harimo ubujura bwitwaje intwaro, kwambura abaturage imitungo ku gahato, ubwicanyi bwibasira abantu runaka, kuburiza abantu irengero, gushimuta, kwinjiza abantu mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ku gahato ndetse n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.
Iyi mibare yongeye kugarura mu ruhame ikibazo cy’umutekano w’abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikomeje kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’urugomo, mu gihe amakimbirane ashingiye kuri politiki, ubutaka, ubwenegihugu n’umutekano akomeje gukaza umurego.
FDLR, izina ryuzuye rikaba Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda, ni umutwe witwaje intwaro washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2000, ufite inkomoko ku bantu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994. Muri bo harimo abahoze ari Interahamwe, abasirikare n’abayobozi b’ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe, bahungiye muri Zaire, igihugu cyaje kuba Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside.
Muri abo bahunze harimo abantu bari baragize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yahitanye abarenga miliyoni mu gihe cy’amezi atatu. Nyuma yo kugera muri Zaire, bamwe muri bo bakomeje ibikorwa bya gisirikare n’ibya politiki bigamije kurwanya ubutegetsi bushya bw’u Rwanda. Imitwe n’imiyoboro yitwaje intwaro yari igizwe n’abahoze mu nzego za politiki n’igisirikare by’ubutegetsi bwari bwarakoze Jenoside yagiye ihinduka, kugeza ubwo FDLR ishingwa mu mwaka wa 2000.
Amateka y’uyu mutwe agaragaza isano ikomeye ufite n’abantu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bamwe mu bahunze u Rwanda bashinjwa gukomeza gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’urwango rushingiye ku moko mu bice byo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Mu makuru yagiye atangazwa ku makimbirane yo muri ako karere, havuzwe ibirego by’uko bamwe mu bahoze ari Interahamwe n’abarwanyi bafitanye isano na FDLR bagiye bashishikariza abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye kwanga Abatutsi, by’umwihariko Abanyamulenge.
Ibyo birego bivuga ko bamwe muri abo bantu bagiye bigisha Abapfurero, Ababembe n’Abanyindu ko Abatutsi ari abantu babi, ko badakwiriye kugirirwa icyizere ndetse ko ari abanzi b’abandi baturage. Iyo myumvire ishinjwa kuba yaragize uruhare mu gukaza urwango no gutuma amakimbirane asanzwe afitanye isano n’ubutaka, ubutegetsi n’umutekano ahinduka inzangano zishingiye ku moko.
Mu duce twa Fizi, Uvira na Mwenga, aho Abanyamulenge babanye n’andi moko y’Abanyekongo, ibirego by’ivangura n’irondabwoko byagiye bigaragara mu bihe bitandukanye. Nubwo ayo makimbirane afite impamvu nyinshi, harimo izishingiye ku mutungo, ubutaka, imiyoborere n’umutekano, imvugo z’urwango zishobora kuyakaza no gushyira mu kaga abaturage b’inzirakarengane.
Iyo abantu bigishijwe ko abandi ari abanzi kubera ubwoko bwabo, birushaho kugorana kubaka icyizere no gushaka ibisubizo birambye. Iyo urwango rushyigikiwe n’abantu bafite ijambo mu muryango cyangwa mu nzego za politiki, rushobora gutuma ivangura ryiyongera ndetse rukagira uruhare mu gukurura urugomo.
Ikibazo cy’urwango rushingiye ku moko mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ntikigarukira ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro gusa. Hari n’abanyapolitiki bagiye bashinjwa gukoresha imvugo zibasira amoko amwe, bigateza impungenge ku mutekano w’abaturage. Umwe muri bo ni Justin Bitakwira, umunyapolitiki wo muri RDC wagiye agaragara mu biganiro bya politiki n’ibijyanye n’umutekano w’igihugu.
Mu nyandiko z’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zasesenguye ibibazo by’umutekano n’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri RDC, hagaragajwe amagambo Bitakwira yavuze yibasira Abatutsi n’Abanyamulenge. Amwe muri ayo magambo yashyiraga abo baturage mu rwego rw’abantu badakwiriye kugirirwa icyizere, anabashinja kuba intandaro y’ibibazo byugarije igihugu.
Imvugo nk’izo zishobora gukwirakwiza imyumvire ishingiye ku ivangura, cyane cyane iyo ziturutse ku muntu ufite ijambo mu ruhame. Gushyira itsinda ry’abantu bose mu cyiciro cy’abanzi kubera inkomoko yabo bishobora gutuma ivangura rihinduka urwango, urwango na rwo rugakurura ibikorwa by’urugomo.
Hari abavuga ko imyumvire ya Justin Bitakwira yaba yaratewe n’ingengabitekerezo yakwirakwijwe n’abahoze ari Interahamwe n’abandi bahunze u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Icyemejwe n’inyandiko zagiye zisesengura imvugo ye ni uko yagiye akoresha amagambo yibasira Abatutsi n’Abanyamulenge, ashobora gukongeza urwango rushingiye ku moko.
FDLR imaze imyaka myinshi ivugwa mu bibazo by’umutekano byo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Mu bihe bitandukanye, uyu mutwe wagiye ushinjwa gukorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ndetse n’inzego zimwe z’umutekano mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imitwe ihanganye na Leta ya RDC. Ibirego by’imikoranire hagati ya FDLR n’ingabo za Leta ya RDC, FARDC, byagiye bigarukwaho mu nyandiko z’imiryango mpuzamahanga n’isesengura ry’umutekano w’akarere.
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, FDLR ifatwa nk’ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano kubera amateka yayo n’ibikorwa byayo byo kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Leta y’u Rwanda imaze igihe isaba ko uyu mutwe usenywa burundu, ivuga ko ukomeje kuba ikibazo ku mutekano warwo. Ku rundi ruhande, Leta ya RDC yagiye ivuga ko ibikorwa byayo bigamije guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro no kugarura ubusugire bw’igihugu. Icyakora, ibirego by’uko inzego za Leta zagiye zikorana na FDLR bikomeje kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu mubano w’ibihugu byombi.
Raporo ya MONUSCO igaragaza ibikorwa FDLR ishinjwa mu duce twa Rutshuru, Masisi, Nyiragongo na Walikale, aho abaturage bakomeje guhura n’ubwicanyi, ubujura bwitwaje intwaro, gushimuta, kuburizwa irengero, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no kwinjizwa mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ku gahato. Ibi bikorwa bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’abaturage, cyane cyane abatuye mu bice byibasiwe n’intambara.
Iyo abaturage bahora mu bwoba bw’ubwicanyi n’ubushimusi, ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi n’uburezi birahungabana. Imiryango itakaza abayo, abana bakabura amahirwe yo kwiga, abandi bagahunga ibyabo, mu gihe abacitse ku icumu ry’urugomo bakomeza guhura n’ingaruka z’ubukene n’ihungabana.
Imibare y’abantu 89 bagizweho ingaruka n’ibikorwa byitirirwa FDLR, barimo 15 bishwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, igaragaza uburemere bw’ibirego byagaragajwe muri iyo raporo. Ariko iyo mibare ntigaragaza byanze bikunze ibyaha byose byakozwe n’uyu mutwe muri ako karere, kuko hari ibindi bitaramenyekana cyangwa bitagenzuwe neza.
Ikindi ni uko FDLR atari wo mutwe wonyine ushinjwa guhungabanya umutekano w’abaturage. Indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorana byahafi na Leta y’i Kinshasa ndetse n’inzego z’umutekano zagiye zishinjwa ibikorwa byo guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibi bisaba ko ibyaha byose bikorerwa abasivili bikurikiranwa nta kubogama, hatitawe ku ruhande uwabikoze abarizwamo.
Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ikibazo cy’urwango rushingiye ku moko gifitanye isano n’amateka maremare y’amakimbirane, ibibazo by’ubwenegihugu, imiyoborere n’umutekano. Abanyamulenge bagiye bahura n’ibirego by’ivangura, guhezwa no gushidikanywaho ku bwenegihugu bwabo. Mu bihe by’amakimbirane, imvugo zibibasira zagiye zigaragara mu biganiro bya politiki no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe zikajyana n’ibikorwa by’urugomo.
Amateka y’abahoze ari Interahamwe n’abandi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nyuma bakinjira muri RDC, ni kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa uko imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’ingengabitekerezo y’urwango byagize ingaruka ku karere. Gusa, kurwanya urwango ntibisobanura gushyira abaturage bose mu cyiciro kimwe cyangwa kubagerekaho ibyaha byakozwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo. Abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye bakomeje kubana, gucuruzanya no gushaka amahoro, nubwo intambara n’imvugo z’urwango bikomeje kubagiraho ingaruka.
Raporo ya Loni ku bikorwa bya MONUSCO yongeye kugaragaza ibirego bikomeye by’ibyaha FDLR ishinjwa gukorera abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Abantu 89 bagizweho ingaruka n’ibikorwa byagaragajwe, barimo 15 bishwe, ni imibare igaragaza uburemere bw’ikibazo cy’umutekano n’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri ako karere.
Amateka y’uyu mutwe, ufite ugizwe n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, agaragaza ko ingaruka z’iyo Jenoside zitagarukiye mu Rwanda gusa, ahubwo zagize n’ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ibirego by’uko abahoze ari Interahamwe bagiye bakwirakwiza urwango mu baturage bo muri RDC, kimwe n’imvugo z’abanyapolitiki zibasira Abatutsi n’Abanyamulenge, bigaragaza ko gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano bidashobora kugarukira ku bikorwa bya gisirikare gusa.
Kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, gukurikirana abakora ibyaha, kurengera abasivili no gukumira ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni bimwe mu bisabwa kugira ngo amahoro arambye aboneke. Mu gihe ibihugu byo mu karere bikomeje gushaka ibisubizo bya politiki n’umutekano, ikibazo cy’ingenzi kigomba guhora cyitabwaho ni uburyo abaturage bazabaho mu mutekano, batikanga ko bazicwa, bazamburwa ibyabo cyangwa bazibasirwa kubera ubwoko bwabo, inkomoko yabo cyangwa ibitekerezo bya politiki.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
