USA Igiye Kwagura Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro muri RDC: Ibirombe Izibandaho n’Igihe Amasezerano Azamara

Minembwe Capital News (MCN)

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) biri kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu by’umutekano, ubukungu n’ishoramari, by’umwihariko mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Ubu bufatanye buha abashoramari b’Abanyamerika amahirwe yihariye yo gushora imari mu birombe no mu yindi mishinga y’ubucukuzi muri RDC, mu gihe Amerika na yo yiyemeje gufasha iki gihugu mu nzego zirimo umutekano, ingufu n’ibikorwa remezo.

Ibi byongeye gushimangirwa nyuma y’inama yahuje intumwa z’ibihugu byombi ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 06/11/2026, i Paris mu Bufaransa, aho baganiriye ku ntambwe imaze guterwa mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano asanzwe ahuza impande zombi.

Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 04/12/2025 i Washington, DC, mu gihe Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yashakaga ko Amerika igira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano muke umaze igihe mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ndetse no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’iki gihugu binyuze mu ishoramari.

Mu by’ingenzi Amerika ishaka muri ubu bufatanye harimo kubona amabuye y’agaciro akenewe cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga, arimo cobalt, umuringa, lithium, germanium, gallium, coltan na zahabu. Aya mabuye akoreshwa mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga, mu gukora bateri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bibika ingufu, ibikoresho by’inganda ndetse n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.

Ibirombe n’uturere byagaragajwe mu ishoramari ry’Abanyamerika

Mu ntangiriro za 2026, Leta ya RDC yagejeje i Washington urutonde rw’ibirombe, impushya z’ubucukuzi n’indi mitungo y’ibigo bya Leta ishobora gushorwamo imari n’abashoramari b’Abanyamerika. Urwo rutonde rwari rugamije kumenyesha uruhande rwa Amerika imishinga ishobora kwitabwaho mu rwego rw’ayo masezerano.

Mu mishinga yagaragajwe harimo agace ka Mutoshi, kari mu Ntara ya Lualaba, gafitanye isano n’ubucukuzi bw’umuringa na cobalt. Aya mabuye afite agaciro gakomeye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bibika ingufu.

Hari kandi agace ka Kisenge, na ko kari muri Lualaba, gafite impushya z’ubucukuzi bwa manganese, zahabu na cassiterite, ibuye rikurwamo amabati azwi nka tin.

Mu Ntara ya Haut-Uélé hagaragajwe agace ka Moto, gafitanye isano n’ubucukuzi bwa zahabu, mu gihe mu Ntara ya Ituri hagaragajwe agace ka Kilo, na ko kazwiho kugira umutungo wa zahabu.

Uretse ibyo, urwo rutonde rwari rukubiyemo imishinga y’ibigo bya Leta birimo Sokimo, ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bwa zahabu; Cominière, ifite uruhare mu mishinga ijyanye na lithium; na Sakima, ifite impushya z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye arimo coltan, zahabu na wolframite.

Indi mishinga ikomeye yagaragajwe muri gahunda y’ishoramari irimo Rubaya, muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, izwiho coltan irimo tantalum; Manono, muri Tanganyika, ifite ububiko bukomeye bwa lithium; ndetse na Chemaf, ikorera mu Ntara za Haut-Katanga na Lualaba, ifite ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’umuringa na cobalt.

Muri iyo mishinga kandi harimo uruganda rwa STL, ruherereye i Lubumbashi muri Haut-Katanga, rukora ibikorwa bijyanye no gutunganya germanium na gallium.

Icyakora, kuba ibirombe cyangwa impushya zabyo byarashyizwe ku rutonde rw’amahirwe y’ishoramari ntibivuze ko byose byamaze guhabwa amasosiyete y’Abanyamerika cyangwa ko ubucukuzi bwabyo bwamaze gutangira. Buri mushinga ugomba kubanza kunyura mu biganiro no mu masezerano awugenga.

Uburyo Amerika izagira uruhare mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri RDC

Ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byombi ntibusobanura ko Leta ya Amerika izahita yegukana ibirombe byose bya RDC. Ahubwo, hashyizweho uburyo bugamije korohereza abashoramari b’Abanyamerika kubona amahirwe yo gushora imari mu mishinga yatoranyijwe na Leta ya Congo.

Muri ubwo buryo harimo gahunda yiswe Strategic Asset Reserve (SAR), igamije gushyira ku rutonde umutungo w’ingenzi wa RDC ushobora gukurura ishoramari ry’Abanyamerika. Uwo mutungo urimo ibirombe, impushya z’ubucukuzi n’indi mishinga ijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro.

Iyo umushinga ushyizwe kuri urwo rutonde, abashoramari b’Abanyamerika bahabwa amahirwe ya mbere yo gutanga ibyifuzo by’ishoramari no kugirana ibiganiro na Leta ya RDC cyangwa ibigo bifite uburenganzira kuri uwo mushinga.

Mu buryo buteganywa n’iyo gahunda, iyo umushoramari w’Umunyamerika amaze gutanga icyifuzo cy’ishoramari, ashobora guhabwa igihe kigera ku mezi icyenda cyo kuganira ku masezerano. Iyo nta masezerano agerwaho muri icyo gihe, abandi bashoramari bashobora guhabwa amahirwe yo gutanga ibyifuzo byabo, hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga iyo gahunda.

Ibi bisobanuye ko Amerika izaba ifite umwanya wihariye mu gushaka no kugirana amasezerano n’abafite uburenganzira ku mishinga y’ubucukuzi. Icyakora, ntibivuze ko ihita iba nyir’ibirombe cyangwa ngo ibone uburenganzira bwo kubicukura byose nta yandi masezerano abanje gukorwa.

Amasezerano yatangiye ryari, kandi azarangira ryari?

Amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati ya Amerika na RDC yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 04/12/2025 i Washington, DC. Iyo ni yo tariki agaragaza intangiriro y’ubu bufatanye ku rwego rw’amasezerano ahuza ibihugu byombi.

Ku itariki ya 05/02/2026, Komite ihuriweho n’impande zombi yatangiye ibikorwa byo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, mu gihe RDC yari imaze kugeza ku ruhande rwa Amerika urutonde rw’umutungo n’imishinga y’ingenzi ishobora gushorwamo imari.

Ku bijyanye n’igihe aya masezerano azarangirira, nta tariki ntarengwa yashyizweho yo kurangira kwayo. Ahubwo, ateganya ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rizajya risuzumwa buri myaka itatu, kandi ko impande zombi zishobora kuyavugurura zumvikanye mu nyandiko.

Nanone, buri ruhande rufite uburenganzira bwo kuyasesa rubimenyesheje urundi ruhande mu nyandiko. Icyakora, iseswa ryayo rizatangira kugira agaciro nyuma y’imyaka itanu uhereye igihe iryo tangazo ritangiwe.

Bityo, nta tariki yihariye yo kurangira kw’aya masezerano yatangajwe. Mu gihe nta ruhande ruyaseshe kandi impande zombi zikomeza kubahiriza ibiyakubiyemo, azakomeza gukurikizwa.

Inama yabereye i Paris yongeye kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo

Ku itariki ya 06/11/2026, intumwa za Amerika na RDC zahuriye i Paris mu Bufaransa mu nama ya kabiri ya Komite ihuriweho n’ibihugu byombi ishinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya masezerano.

Muri iyo nama, impande zombi zagaragaje ubushake bwo kwihutisha ishoramari mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gutunganya umusaruro imbere muri RDC no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu n’ubwikorezi.

Haganiriwe kandi ku mushinga w’ingufu wa Grand Inga, ndetse no ku buryo RDC yakongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mbere yo kuyohereza ku masoko mpuzamahanga.

Nubwo impande zombi zagaragaje ubushake bwo kwihutisha iyi gahunda, itangazo ryasohotse nyuma y’inama ntiryagaragaje ingano y’amafaranga Amerika imaze gushora muri RDC, ayo iteganya gushora mu gihe kiri imbere cyangwa amatariki nyayo buri mushinga uzatangiriraho.

Inyungu RDC na Amerika biteze muri ubu bufatanye

Ku ruhande rwa RDC, Leta ya Tshisekedi yifuza ko ubu bufatanye buzafasha igihugu kuva ku rwego rwo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro kikayohereza nk’umusaruro w’ibanze, kikagera no ku rwego rwo kuyatunganyiriza imbere mu gihugu. Ibi bishobora guteza imbere inganda, kongera amahirwe y’akazi, kuzamura ubukungu no kongera agaciro k’umutungo kamere w’igihugu.

Ku ruhande rwa Amerika, ubu bufatanye buyifasha gushaka amasoko yizewe y’amabuye y’agaciro akenewe mu nganda zayo, by’umwihariko cobalt, umuringa, lithium na germanium, mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye ku isi bikomeje guhatanira kubona ayo mabuye.

Gusa, imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi gahunda ni ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho hakomeje imirwano ihanganishije ingabo za Leta n’umutwe wa FRN.

Imiterere y’umutekano muri aka karere ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ishoramari, cyane cyane mu duce turimo Rubaya, gafite umutungo wa coltan.

Muri rusange, amasezerano ya Amerika na RDC ni gahunda ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu, umutekano n’imicungire y’umutungo kamere wa Congo. Icyakora, agaciro kayo ntikazapimirwa ku mubare w’ibirombe byashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa ku masezerano yashyizweho umukono gusa, ahubwo kazagaragarira mu mishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa, amafaranga azashorwa, umusaruro uzaboneka n’inyungu abaturage ba Congo bazakuramo.

Minembwe Capital News (MCN)