Abanyamulenge: Amavu n’Amavuko, Inkomoko n’Imiryango Ibagize
Abanyamulenge ni ubwoko bw’abantu bavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyamulenge, nubwo benshi barufata nk’Ikinyarwanda, batuye cyane cyane mu misozi miremire y’i Mulenge, iri mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). Amateka yabo yakunze kugirwaho impaka nyinshi, ariko abashakashatsi mu by’amateka n’indimi bahuriza ku kuba ari amateka maremare ashingiye ku kwimuka kw’abantu, imibanire y’ubucuruzi, ubworozi, n’imiterere y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Abanyamulenge bakomoka ku Banyarwanda b’Abatutsi, by’umwihariko ku miryango y’Abatutsi b’abanyabubasha (aborozi) bari batuye mu bice by’u Rwanda rwo hambere, cyane cyane mu Nduga, Gisaka, Bwishaza n’ahandi. Ibi bigaragarira mu rurimi bavuga, mu muco, mu migenzo, no mu miterere y’imiryango yabo, isa cyane n’iy’Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.
Izina “Abanyamulenge” rikomoka ku misozi miremire y’i Mulenge, aho batuye kuva kera, rikaba ryaratangiye gukoreshwa cyane mu kinyejana cya 20, hagamijwe kwirinda kwitiranywa n’abandi baturage batuye mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Abashakashatsi benshi bemeza ko Abanyamulenge batimukiye muri RDC mu gihe kimwe, ahubwo ko kwimuka kwabo kwabaye mu byiciro bitandukanye:
Hagati y’ikinyejana cya 15 n’icya 18: Hari ibimenyetso by’uko bamwe mu borozi b’Abatutsi batangiye kugera mu misozi y’i Mulenge baturutse mu Rwanda rwo hambere, bashakisha ubwatsi n’amazi y’inka zabo.
Mu kinyejana cya 19: Kwimuka kwarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’abantu n’amatungo, ubuhahirane, n’imibanire y’ubucuruzi n’abaturage basangaga batuye muri ako karere.
Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni (1890–1960): Ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi bwagize uruhare mu kwimura no gutuza abantu batandukanye mu bice bya Kivu, ariko Abanyamulenge benshi bari bamaze igihe kirekire batuye i Mulenge mbere y’iki gihe cy’ubukoloni.
Ibi bituma Abanyamulenge bafatwa nk’abaturage ba kera b’ako gace, n’ubwo amateka yabo yakomeje kugirwamo impaka mu bihe bya politiki n’intambara.
Abanyamulenge bagizwe n’imiryango (clans) ihuriye ku nkomoko n’umuco w’Abatutsi b’Abanyarwanda. Mu miryango izwi cyane harimo:
Abanyabyinshi
Abasinzira
Abega
Abasita
Abasama
Abagorora
Abazigaba, n’abandi.
Iyi miryango ifitanye isano n’iy’Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, bikagaragaza umubano w’amateka n’inkomoko bahuriyeho.
Umuco w’Abanyamulenge wubakiye cyane ku bworozi bw’inka, kubaha abakuru, inama z’abagize umuryango, n’indangagaciro zirimo ubutwari, kwihangana, n’ubwiyunge. Inka ifatwa nk’inkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco, ikagira uruhare rukomeye mu mihango, mu bukwe, no mu mibanire y’imiryango.
Mu ncamake, amateka y’Abanyamulenge agaragaza ko ari Abatutsi bafite amateka maremare yo gutura mu misozi y’i Mulenge, muri RDC y’ubu, binyuze mu kwimuka kwabaye mu bihe bitandukanye, kuva mbere y’ubukoloni. Nubwo amateka yabo yakomeje kugirwamo impaka zishingiye kuri politiki n’umutekano, ibimenyetso by’indimi, umuco, n’imiryango bigaragaza neza inkomoko yabo n’isano bafitanye n’Abanyarwanda bo mu Rwanda.
