Abanyamulenge, n’Ubwoko bw’Abatutsi, bomuri Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, bakaba batuye mugace gaherereye mu misozi miremire y’Imulenge(Minembwe, Mibunda, i Chohagati Chaza Rwelera, i Ndondo ya Bijombo, Rurambo na Bibogobogo), mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajy’epfo, i Ntara ipakanye n’u Rwanda, u Burundi na Tanzania. Ibi bihugu kwari bitatu(3), n’ibyo aba Banyamulenge bakomokamo, nk’uko tubisanga mugitabo, cyitwa “Les Banyamulenge,” cyanditswe na Joseph Mutambo.
Ay’amateka akomeza avuga ko aba Banyamulenge bageze muri Congo biciye munzira z’itatu (3):
1.Bageze RDC bashaka inzuri(Ubwatsi) z’inka zabo. Muriki gitabo ca Mutambo Joseph, dusanga uwitwa Serugabika, kwariwe Munyamulenge wambutse mbere ava mugihugu c’u Rwanda, aho yaje aragiye Inka ze ageze mu kibaya ca Rusizi, abona ariheza ho kuragira kuko yahageze ahasanga ubwatsi bw’Inka bwinshi ngo aza gukambika iburyo bw’uruzi rwa Rusizi. Nyuma yaje gusubira i Rwanda aja kuzana umuryango we barubaka baratura.
Gusa ng’uyu Serugabika, amaze kororoka bamwe mu muryango we berekeje mu Ntara ya Kasaï, abariho baja gutura nabungingo n’ubu.
- Igikundi ca Kabiri, baje bava m’u Rwanda, bahunze Inzara y’ibijumba n’ibirayi aho n’inzuzi n’imisozi byari bya rumye bituma abantu benshi bahunga u Rwanda baja gushaka aho baragira Inka zabo muri RDC. Iy’inzara iri mubyatunye Abanyamulenge benshi bambuka muri Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). N’inzara yari yarahawe izina rya “Ruvumbi,” byemejwe ko imisozi n’inzuzi byari byarahindutse “umukungugu.” Ibi tubihamirizwa n’igitabo cyanditswe n’umunyarwanda, Alexis Kagame.
- Igikundi ca Gatatu (3), cyavuye m’u Rwanda, bahunze i Misoro. Bivugwa ko umwami Kigeri wa 5, Rwabugiri, mu mwaka w’ 1895, yaje gushiraho itegeko ryogusoresha abatunze Inka murwego rwokugira ngo azahure ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, maze abantu benshi bahunga iyo Misoro, bagana muri RDC yahoze yitwa Congo Belge, iza guhinduka Zaïre, ubu akaba ari Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.
Nyuma y’urupfu rw’uyu Mwami Kigeri wa 5 Rwabugiri, habaye imirwano yo ku Rucunshu. Iyi mirwano nayo iri mubyatunye Abanyamulenge benshi bahunga iki gihugu c’u Rwanda, bagana mu Kibaya ca Rusizi.
Abandi Banyamulenge bivugwa ko baje bava mugihugu c’u Burundi na Tanzania, aba bamaze kw’ambuka batura ahitwa ka Kamba, hafi y’iki kibaya ca Rusizi, bityo baje kumenyana n’abava ga m’u Rwanda kuko bose bari abo m’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi ndetse ngo kumenyana kwabo byaraboroheraga nimugihe bahuriraga no mu Nzuri, z’inka kuko babaga baragiye ubutunzi bwabo bw’Inka.
Imico y’aba banyamulenge:
Abanyamulenge n’Abantu bafite imico yabo yihariye, bafite n’ururimi rwabo rubaranga rutandukanye gato n’ikirundi n’ikinyarwanda.
Abanyamulenge bagiye banirinda kwivanga nko gushingirana n’andi moko aturiye RDC. Bagira n’ico bita imirara(Clan) ibafasha kumenyana muburyo bw’imbitse kuko kugira ngo habe iy’imirara bakurikiza ibisekuru, Ex: Abanyabyinshi, bava k’umukurambere wabo witwa Byinshi, Abasita, bakomoka kuri Gasita, Abega bavuka kuri Kega, Abatwari bavuka kuri Ntwari.
Abanyamulenge bafite imirara irenga 15, muriyo mirara, itatu(3) niyo ifatwa nkaho aribo benshi “Abanyabyinshi, Abasinzira na Basita.”
Ba baye mubihe bigoye by’intambara:
Dusanga Abanyamulenge, bararwanye intambara za natumye bakomera baramenyekana kubera ubutwari bagiye bagaragaza muribyo bihe.
Intambara yambere Abanyamulenge barwanye, barwaniriye Inka zabo n’igihe zaribwaga n’Intare. Aha bagaza bazitira ibipango bakabishiramo Inka zabo hanyuma bagacana umuriro bitwaje n’Amacumu. Byaje kurangira iz’Intare zihungiye mu mashamba yakure. (Ibi tubikura mu mateka y’Abanyamulenge).
Mu mwaka w’1895, n’ibwo Abanyamulenge, bakorewe “i Barura,” bwa mbere muri Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, barikorewe n’ubutegetsi bw’aba biligi(icyogihe RDC y’itwaga Congo Belge).
Mu mwaka wa 1965
Shikaramu(umunyamerika), wakoranaga na leta ya perezida Mubutu, yahaye imbunda Abanyamulenge maze barasa i Nyeshamba za Simba zari zishigikiwe n’Abarusiya, Abashinwa ndetse na Kiba.
Simba, wari umutwe w’inyeshamba ugwiriyemo abasore bo m’ubwoko bw’Abapfulero, aba Bembe na Banyindu. Kugira ngo Abanyamulenge ba barwanye aba Bembe bo muri uwo mutwe wa Simba, banyaga Inka zabo ndetse bakabica cane. Abanyamulenge bamaze guhabwa imbunda barashe iz’inyeshamba bazimaraho bituma umutima wa perezida Mobutu, ubushimira atangira kubaha akazi muri leta harimo ba Bisengimana n’abandi nka Gisaro.
Ahagana mu mwaka w’ 1985, Abanyindu, Ababembe n’Abapfulero batsembye ko Abanyamulenge batagomba gutora. Iy’intambara Abanyamulenge bayirwanye bakoresheje gutwika impapuro z’amatora.
Ahagana mu mwaka w’ 1991, Abanyamulenge, bafashe iyambere mukwinjira igisirikare ca RPF Inkotanyi cari kigamije k’ubohora u Rwanda rwarimo ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abatutsi, ubu bwicanyi bwahereye mu mu mwaka w’1959.
Bamwe mubasore ba Banyamulenge bafashe iyambere m’ukwinjira igisirikare ca RPF, harimo: “Gakunzi Sendoda, Nikora Kibinda, Colonel Byinshi Gakunzi, Colonel Nyamushebwa n’abandi….”
Ibi bimaze kumenyekana ko Abanyamulenge, bifatikanije n’Inkotanyi n’ibwo Perezida Mobutu Se seseko Ku kungw’endo Wazabanga, yaje kongera kubashiraho urwango rwatumye mu mwaka w’1991 atanga itegeko ryiga ku nkomoko y’Abanyamulenge nokwiga ko bakwiye kwamburwa ubwenegihugu bwa Zaïre ariyo RDC y’ubu. Ibi byavaga k’u mubano igihugu ca Zaïre cyarifitanye n’u Rwanda rwomugihe ca Perezida Jovenal Habyarimana.
Naho mu mwaka w’ 1995 Abanyamulenge, batangira kwicwa n’Interahamwe, ziriya Nterahamwe zari zimaze gutsindwa intambara mu Rwanda zitsinzwe na FPR Inkotanyi.
Nyuma y’ubwo haje kuza Abanyamulenge bahoze mugisirikare ca RPF Inkotanyi, barimo ba Nikora Kibinda, Gakunzi Sendoda, Edinasi, Col Rugazura Alexis, Gen Nkunda Laurent, Gen Ntaganda Bosco, Gen Sultan Makenga, Gen Ruhorimbere Eric, Gen Kayoyo, Colonel Byinshi, Colonel Makanika, Colonel Sematama n’abandi benshi, bambuka kurwanirira Abaturage ba Banyamulenge aho byavuzwe ko aba bari bafashijwe na leta y’u Rwanda n’iya Uganda.
Iy’intambara Abanyamulenge barwanye yaje guhesha Laurent Désire Kabila ubutegetsi maze Zaïre ihinduka Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). Mu mwaka w’ 1998, haje kuba urwango k’u Batutsi bomuri RDC n’ibwo haje kuba kwica Abanyamulenge benshi bamwe biciwe Lubumbashi, barimo umusirikare Mukuru wari warafashije Kabila kugera k’ubutegetsi Sio Edinasi Rwambara abandi bapfira Kinshasa abandi Uvira barimo Brigedi Sio Gakunzi Sendoda.
Iz’intambara zaje kubyara RCD Goma, yarigwiriyemo Abanyamulenge. Nyuma ya RCD Goma haje kuvuka undi mutwe wabiciye biracika wa CENDP, wa General Laurent Nkunda, uyu niwo waje kubyara kandi M23, izina rikomoka k’umasezerano yo mu mwaka w’2009.
Mu mwaka w’2004 Abanyamulenge bagera 166 biciwe mu Gatumba ho mugihugu c’u Burundi, bicwa bazira ubwoko bwabo Abatutsi.
Hagati mu myaka ya 2017 -2019, Abanyamulenge bakorewe Genocide, mu Minembwe, Bibogobogo, i Ndondo ya Bijombo, Rurambo na Mibunda, bicwa bazira ubwoko bwabo. Bamwe batwikiwe mu mazu Inka zabo ziricwa izindi ziranyagwa. Ni ubwicanyi barimo bakorerwa na Mai Mai Bishambuke, Mai Mai Malaïka iyobowe na Gen Yakutumba aho bari bashigikiwe n’ingabo za Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (FARDC). Bivugwa ko muri ubu bwicanyi bwo mu myaka ya 2017-2021 hoba harapfuye Abanyamulenge basaga 600. Iyi ntambara niyo Abanyamulenge bakirimo kugeza kuri uyumunsi. Abahagurutse kurwanya ubwo bwicanyi ni abaturage bonyine b’ibumbye mw’izina rya Twirwaneho, bayobowe na Colonel Rukunda Makanika afatanije na Colonel Charles Sematama.
Abanyamulenge n’i ubwoko bw’Imana:
Amateka avuga ko Umunyamulenge Wambere wemeye Imana y’itwaga Ntakandi, y’abatijwe mu mwaka wa 1922, i b’Uvira.
Abenshi baje kwakira agakiza mu mwaka wa 1950 na 1951 gukomeza….. Misonary w’umwongereza Scott, agera Muturambo bwambere y’uzuye umwuka w’Imana ahanura kw’ijwi rirenga ati: “Abanyamulenge, muzakira agakiza mukabwirijwe na Mwuka wera. Muri ubwoko bw’Imana.” Muricogihe Abazungu ba ba Misonaries, bahise basubirayo baja kubwiriza Ubutumwa ahari Abapfulero n’Ababembe muri Fizi na Uvira ndetse na Mwenga.
Bivugwa ko i Kirunga ca Nyiragongo, catangiye kuruka mugihe ubutegetsi bwa Congo yo mubihe byambere yarikomeje kujujubuza Abanyamulenge maze ngw’Imana ihana ubwo butegetsi bwico gihe ikoresheje ikirunga ca Nyiragongo. Ibi tubisanga mukiganiro ca Red Blue Jeid, n’ikiganiro cakozwe na Yvette Abeho .
Abanyamulenge bari mubo Imana yabwiye ko izabaha igihugu. Ibi tubikura mu buhanuzi bwa Bicinoni Nyiragongo, y’abihanuye mu mwaka w’1980.
Ugeze ahari Abanyamulenge uhasanga i Kanisa(Itorero), biragoye kubona Umunyamulenge udasenga n’umupagani wabo aba mw’ikanisa. “Nifurije Abanyamulenge kwakira agakiza ka Yesu bakizwe nk’uko Imana ishaka.”
Abanyamulenge, m’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu:
Amateka avugako Abanyamulenge, batangiye kuyobora bahereye kuri za Localité, icyogihe zitwaga “Village,” mu mwaka w’ 1933, aho binemezwa ko Localité zambere bayoboye zari mubice bigize i Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajy’epfo, ahanini muri Uvira, Fizi na Mwenga.
Minembwe Capital News, yabwiwe ko Abanyamulenge ba mbere ba bonye ubutware(Ubwami) muri Chefferie ya Bafuliru homuri teritware ya Uvira,
Hari: -Kayira Sagitwe, ya yoboye Localité GIHANDE.
-Nyiriminege Muhoza, ya yoboye Localité RUVUMERA
- Chef Nyirimuhanga Migabo/ Localité MUHANGA naho
Chef Rumanfura, we ya yoboye Village GALYE( MWIGADYI). Muri Chefferie Bavira, dusanga hari Abanyamulenge bahayoboye, nka - Chef Bururu Ntungu watsimbuwe na Sekunzi Yakobo/ Village MUNANIRA
- Grand Chef Budurege/ Village GISHEMBWE
- Chef Shanga/ Village KATAKA
- Chef Murambya/ Village KAVUGWA
- Chef Muyengeza/ Village KUCHITO
Mucyaje kwitwa territoire Fizi, muri Collectivité Secteur ya Tanganika, nk’uko tubisanga muri Arrêté Numéro 15 yokw’itariki 06/08/1937, n’itegeko ryasinywe (signé par) na J. NOIROT Wari Guverineri w’i Ntara yahoze yitwa Constermansville, yaje kwitwa i Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajy’epfo (Région du Sud Kivu), nyuma y’ubukoloni:
Aha muri teritware ya Fizi, tuhasanga
- Muhasha Mukuru (Grand Chef MUHASHA) 1er RUHIRIMBURA, ya yoboye Village KUNGWE-KAMOMBO,
- Chef Rutambwe Maniha/ Village LULIMBA-LUTABULA
- Chef Sebasaza Rwiyamirira/ Village KABUGU
- Chef Gaheka/ Village KABEMBWE
Naho muri teritware ya Mwenga Aba Chefs bambere ni:
- Chef Semaringa Mwaga wajye gutsimburwa na Muhire Mudagiri Meschac kuri none/ Village TULAMBO
- Chef Sebasaza Rwiyamirira/ Village ITARA
- Chef Sebihunga wajye gutsimburwa na Chef Mitabu Bikino kurinone/ y’itwa Village i LUNDU.
N.B: Aba nibo ba Chefs bitwa ko aribo bayoboye Mbere mu Banyamulenge.
Localité z’Abanyamulenge, mu karere ka Rurambo, dusanga har’iya
1.Kahololo
2.Marungu
3.Kitembe
4.Bibangwa
5.Bijojwe
6.Gifuni
7.Mukato
8.Gashama
9.Gitoga
Iza Gatobwe:
1.Ruvumera
2.Muhanga
3.Gihande.
Ay’amateka mwayateguriwe na Bruce Bahanda.
Tariki 22/10/2023.
