Amarondo y’Ijoro Aravuza Ubuhuha mu Burundi, Impungenge ku Mutekano, Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Umwuka w’Umushyamirano n’u Rwanda Birushaho Kwiyongera
Mu majyaruguru y’u Burundi, cyane cyane muri Komine ya Kirundo ihana imbibi n’u Rwanda mu Ntara ya Butanyerera, ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeje gutera impungenge zikomeye mu baturage no mu miryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Mu bice bitandukanye bikikije ikiyaga cya Cohoha n’uruzi rwa Kanyaru, ubuyobozi bwafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho amarondo y’ijoro muri urwo rwego, nk’uko bubivuga, “gukumira ibyago by’umutekano.” Icyakora, iki cyemezo cyateje impaka zikomeye ku ngaruka kigira ku mibereho y’abaturage, ku bukungu bw’ingo no ku kubahiriza amahame shingiro y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’abaturage baganiriye n’itangazamakuru, ayo marondo ayoborwa n’inzego z’umutekano zifatanyije n’abagize Imbonerakure, umutwe w’urubyiruko w’ishyaka CNDD-FDD riri ku butegetsi. Imbonerakure zivugwa nk’izifite uruhare runini mu gukusanya abaturage, by’umwihariko abagabo bose bo muri utwo duce, hatitawe ku myaka yabo, ku buzima bafite cyangwa ku mirimo ibatunze.
Ibyo bikorwa byo gukusanya abaturage bikorwa buri mugoroba guhera saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba kugeza saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo, cyane cyane ku misozi ya Mugendo, Gaturanda na Kigina, muri Zone ya Ntega. Umwe mu baturage yagize ati: “Umugabo wese uri munsi y’imyaka 60 ategetswe kujya ku marondo, nta wemerewe kubivamo.”
Iyi politiki y’amarondo ije ikurikira amagambo akunze gutangwa n’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, arimo ayo Perezida w’u Burundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye, yagiye atangaza mu bihe bitandukanye. Mu butumwa bwe, yakunze gusaba ko hashyirwaho amarondo mu gihugu hose, agaragaza ko u Rwanda rushobora gutera u Burundi, “nk’uko rwabikoze muri Congo.” Aya magambo, yasubiwemo no mu kiganiro yagiriye mu Ntara ya Muramvya ku wa gatanu ushize, yatumye mu baturage hakwira icyuka cy’ubwoba n’impungenge z’igihe kirekire.
Abaturage bo muri Kirundo bavuga ko ubu butumwa buhoraho bwerekana u Rwanda nk’umwanzi bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano wo mu mitekerereze y’abantu. Umuturage wo mu gace ka Mugendo yagize ati: “Bahora batubwira ko ibitero bishobora kutugeraho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bigatuma duhora mu bwoba.”
Uretse ibyo, haravugwa kandi ibikorwa by’akarengane n’inyerezwa ry’amafaranga. Amakuru atandukanye yemeza ko abarwayi, abasaza n’abandi badafite imbaraga zo kujya ku marondo basabwa gutanga amafaranga ku bayobozi bamwe cyangwa ku bagize Imbonerakure kugira ngo birinde ibihano. Ayo mafaranga abarirwa hagati ya 2 000 na 10 000 by’amafaranga y’u Burundi, ibintu byongera ubukene mu miryango isanzwe ibayeho nabi.
Ingaruka z’aya marondo ku bukungu bw’abaturage zirigaragaza cyane. Umuhinzi wo ku musozi wa Gaturanda yagize ati: “Iyo waraye ijoro ryose uri ku irondo, umunsi ukurikiyeho uwumara uryamye, ntushobore kujya mu murima cyangwa ku isoko.” Ibi byatumye umusaruro ugabanuka, imiryango myinshi isubira inyuma mu mibereho yayo ya buri munsi.
Hari kandi impungenge zijyanye n’umutekano w’amarondo ubwayo. Abaturage bavuga ko akenshi akorwa n’abasivili bambaye imyambaro isanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bitwaje intwaro nto, ibintu bifatwa nk’igisirikare kitanditswe kandi kitemewe n’amategeko. Ibi bituma abaturage benshi bumva batewe ubwoba aho kwiyumvamo umutekano.
Ibi byose bibaye mu gihe umubano w’akarere uri mu mwuka w’umushyamirano ukomeye. Mu kwezi kwa cyenda k’umwaka wa 2024, u Burundi bwafunze imipaka yo hasi ihuza ibuhugu n’u Rwanda, bushinja Kigali gushyigikira imitwe yitwaje intwaro irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Gitega no guhisha abakekwaho kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi mu 2015. U Rwanda rwabihakanye kenshi.
Gitega kandi ishinja Kigali gushyigikira umutwe wa M23, mu gihe u Rwanda narwo rushinja u Burundi na RDC gushyigikira abarwanyi ba FDLR bagizwe n’abasize bakoze jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. M23, yongeye gufata intwaro mu 2021, igizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi b’Abanyekongo, ikaba igenzura uduce twinshi two muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo.
Mu ntangiriro z’uku kwezi, M23 yafashe ibice byinshi byo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, birimo n’umujyi wa Uvira, hafi ya Bujumbura, ufatwa nk’umuyoboro w’ingenzi w’ubukungu bw’u Burundi. Ibi byabaye mu gihe hari amasezerano yashyiriweho umukono i Washington tariki ya 04/12/2025 hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, ku buhuza bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Burundi bukayitabira nk’indorerezi.
Kubera kwagura ibirindiro bya M23 mu kibaya cya Rusizi, u Burundi bwohereje ingabo nyinshi muri RDC guhera mu 2023, aho zifatanya n’ingabo za FARDC n’imitwe ya Wazalendo na FDLR ishyigikiwe na Leta ya Congo. Imirwano yabaye muri uku kwezi yatumye impunzi z’Abanyekongo zigera hafi ku bihumbi 90 zihungira mu Burundi, ziyongera ku zindi zari zarahageze mbere, bigashyira igitutu gikomeye ku mikoro y’igihugu mu kubitaho.
Ni muri uru rwego abaturage bo mu Ntara ya Butanyerera basaba ko hakorwa iperereza ryihuse, ryigenga kandi ridafite aho ribogamiye ku bikorwa by’amarondo y’ijoro. Bavuga ko izi ngingo zifatwa nk’izindengakamere, zidahuza n’amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, kandi zishobora kurushaho guteza umwuka mubi mu karere gasanzwe karangwamo umutekano muke n’intambara z’urudaca.
