Amasezerano ya Washington: Amahoro Avugwa mu Magambo, Gushyirwa mu Bikorwa Bikomeje Gutsikamira ku Nzitizi Zikomeye
Amasezerano y’amahoro yashyizweho umukono hagati ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC) n’u Rwanda, tariki ya 27/06/2025 i Washington, ku bufatanye bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aracyari mu nzira ndende y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa, aho intambwe zigaragara ari nke ugereranyije n’ibyari byitezwe. Ibi bikubiye muri raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara ku itariki ya 06/04/2026 n’Ikigo gikurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro muri Afurika (Baromètre des Accords de Paix en Afrique).
Nyuma y’amezi icyenda hasinywe amasezerano, raporo igaragaza ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rigeze kuri 27,5%, nyuma y’igihe kirekire cyaranzwe no guhagarara kuva mu kwezi kwa cumi n’umwe 2025 kugeza mu kwezi kwa gatatu 2026. Nubwo mu kwezi kwa gatatu hagaragaye izamuka rito rya 4,2%, ibikorwa byinshi by’ingenzi biracyari mu ntangiriro, bitarakorwa uko bikwiye.
Mu bikorwa 30 biteganyijwe n’aya masezerano, 21 byatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku rugero ruto cyangwa ruciriritse, bingana na 70%. Ariko, iyo harebwe uburyo bwuzuye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa, amanota agezweho ni 82,5 kuri 300, bingana na 27,5% gusa. Ibi bisobanura ko nubwo hari intambwe yatewe, ibyinshi biracyari kure yo kugera ku ntego nyazo.
Iyo harebwe gusa ibikorwa byatangiye, igipimo cyabyo cyazamuka kikagera kuri 39,2%, ariko na cyo ntikigaragaza iterambere rifatika ku rwego rusange.
Mu ngingo z’ingenzi z’aya masezerano harimo guhashya umutwe wa FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda), umaze imyaka myinshi ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Nubwo Leta ya RDC yatangaje ko yatangiye ibikorwa byo kuwurwanya mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatatu 2026, raporo igaragaza ko ibyo bikorwa bikiri ku rugero ruto cyane, bikigaragara nk’ibikiri mu magambo. Ibikorwa bya gisirikare byo kuwurandura biri ku manota 2,5 kuri 10, bigaragaza ko urugendo rukiri rurerure kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke burundu.
Ibikorwa bijyanye no kurengera abasivili, gutabara abari mu kaga, gusubiza mu byabo impunzi n’abimuwe bikomeje kugenda buhoro, buri kimwe cyahawe amanota 2,5 kuri 10, bigaragaza intege nke zikomeye mu rwego rw’ubutabazi n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ibi ni byo bikomeje gutuma abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bakomeza kubaho mu buzima bugoye, nubwo ku rwego rwa dipolomasi hariho amasezerano agamije amahoro.
Ku ruhande rwa RDC, mu nshingano 26 ifite, byinshi byakomeje kuba mu magambo gusa. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, haragaragara kugerageza kubahiriza ibyo rwiyemeje, ariko imbogamizi ikomeye ikaba kutarandura FDLR ku ruhande rwa RDC, kandi RDC iracyakora ibitero mu mihana y’Abanyamulenge mu Minembwe no ku Ndondo mu karere ka Uvira mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ibi bigaragaza ko impande zombi zitaragera ku rwego rushimishije mu kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje.
Nubwo aya masezerano yashyigikiwe cyane na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ndetse akemezwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu byombi, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi na Paul Kagame, umutekano ku butaka uracyari muke. Impande zombi zikomeje gushinjanya kutubahiriza amasezerano, bigatuma habaho ukutizerana gukomeye n’amakimbirane adashira.
Ibiganiro byabereye i Doha muri Qatar hagati ya Leta ya RDC n’umutwe wa AFC/M23 byari bigamije kuzuza amasezerano ya Washington, cyane cyane mu gukemura imizi y’ikibazo. Ariko kugeza ubu, ibi biganiro byaradindiye, bitanga icyizere gito ku kugarura amahoro arambye.
Amakimbirane hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda ashingiye ku mateka maremare ajyanye n’umutekano mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, cyane cyane nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwo bamwe mu bayigizemo uruhare bahungiraga mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bagashinga imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka FDLR. Kugeza ubu, umutekano muri ako karere wakomeje kuzamba, aho imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro ikomeje gukorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, bigatuma ibihugu bihana imbibi bikomeza kutumvikana.
Nubwo hari intambwe za dipolomasi zimaze guterwa, harimo n’amasezerano ya Washington, haracyari icyuho kinini hagati y’ibyemeranyijweho n’ibiri gukorerwa ku butaka. Raporo igaragaza ko nubwo hari icyizere gishingiye ku masezerano, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo riracyari hasi cyane. Intambwe yatewe iracyari nto ugereranyije n’uburemere bw’ikibazo kigamijwe gukemurwa.
Ibi bisaba ko impande zose zongera imbaraga mu kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje, hagamijwe kugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’amagambo ya dipolomasi n’ibikorwa bifatika ku butaka, kugira ngo amahoro arambye aboneke mu burasirazuba bwa RDC no mu karere muri rusange.
