Ibura ry’Ingengo y’Imari mu Muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC)
Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (East African Community – EAC) ukomeje guhura n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’amafaranga, gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’inzego z’ingenzi ziwugize. Amakuru aturuka mu nzego ziwukurikirana agaragaza ko mu bihugu umunani biwugize, bibiri gusa nibyo byubahirije inshingano zabyo zo gutanga umusanzu w’umwaka wuzuye.
Ibi bikomeje gutera impungenge ku mikorere y’inzego z’ingenzi z’uyu muryango, zirimo Urukiko rw’Akarere rwa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (East African Court of Justice) n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Akarere izwi nka East African Legislative Assembly (EALA). Izi nzego zombi zifite uruhare rukomeye mu kubaka ubuyobozi bushingiye ku kubahiriza amategeko, guteza imbere demokarasi, no gukemura amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.
Umuryango wa EAC washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2000 ugamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu, politiki n’umutekano hagati y’ibihugu byo mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Mu ntangiriro wari ugizwe n’ibihugu bitatu ari byo Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania. Nyuma y’aho haje kwiyongeramo u Rwanda n’u Burundi mu 2007, Sudan y’Epfo mu 2016, ndetse na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu 2022, bigatuma uyu muryango waguka ukagera ku bihugu umunani.
Intego nyamukuru za EAC zirimo gushyiraho isoko rusange ry’akarere, kubaka ihuriro rya gasutamo, gushyiraho ifaranga rimwe ry’akarere, ndetse no kugera ku ihuriro rya politiki. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, bisaba ko ibihugu byose bigira uruhare rungana mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’uyu muryango.
Ibura ry’umusanzu ritangwa n’ibihugu bigize EAC rishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu mikorere y’inzego zayo. Urugero, ibikorwa by’Urukiko rw’Akarere (East African Court of Justice) bishobora kudindira, bigatuma imanza zifitanye isano n’akarere zitinda cyangwa zigahagarara. Ni na ko bimeze ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Akarere, East African Legislative Assembly (EALA), ishobora kutabasha gukora inama zayo no gutora amategeko afasha guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ibihugu bigize EAC.
Iki kibazo gishobora kandi kudindiza gahunda z’iterambere ry’akarere, zirimo imishinga y’ibikorwaremezo, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, ndetse n’imikoranire mu by’umutekano.
Abasesenguzi mu bya politiki n’ubukungu mu karere bagaragaza ko hari ingamba zitandukanye zafasha gukemura iki kibazo, zirimo:
- Gushyiraho amategeko akakaye ategeka ibihugu byose gutanga umusanzu wabyo ku gihe.
- Gushyiraho ibihano ku bihugu bidatanga umusanzu, nko kubihagarika by’agateganyo mu gufata ibyemezo by’ingenzi by’umuryango.
- Gushaka andi masoko y’amafaranga, harimo ubufatanye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga cyangwa abashoramari.
- Kunoza imicungire y’imari mu nzego z’umuryango kugira ngo amafaranga make aboneke akoreshwe neza kandi mu mucyo.
Mu gihe EAC ikomeje kwaguka no kwakira ibihugu bishya, ikibazo cy’imari gikomeje kuba imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zishobora kudindiza intambwe igana ku kwishyira hamwe kw’akarere. Abasesenguzi bemeza ko gukemura iki kibazo bisaba ubushake bwa politiki n’ubufatanye bukomeye hagati y’ibihugu byose bigize uyu muryango.
Niba ibihugu byose byashyira imbere inyungu rusange z’akarere kandi bikubahiriza inshingano zabyo zo gutanga umusanzu, inzego z’ingenzi z’uyu muryango zirimo urukiko n’inteko ishinga amategeko zakomeza gukora neza, bigafasha EAC kugera ku ntego zayo zo kubaka akarere gafite amahoro, ubukungu bukomeye n’imikoranire ihamye hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.
