Ihurizo ry’Intambara, Gushidikanya n’Iyirengagizwa mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, intambara zimaze igihe kirekire mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) zigaragaza ubugome bukabije, zikanarangwa n’uruhuri rw’abakinnyi batandukanye bafite inyungu zidahuye. Iyi myivumbagatanyo y’intambara idashira yashyize mu kaga gakomeye amoko atandukanye, agasigara mu mwanya w’akababaro n’akato karenze ak’abandi.
Muri ayo matsinda, Abanyamulenge bagaragara nk’urugero rubabaje cyane rw’abaturage bafashwe bunyago n’intambara ibarenga, bagahora bashidikanywaho, bakibasirwa n’ihohoterwa, kandi bagatereranwa n’inzego zagakwiye kubarinda. Bafashwe hagati y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro yo mu gihugu n’imiyoborere ya politiki n’umutekano yo mu karere ikoreshwa mu nyungu z’abandi, Abanyamulenge basigaye bameze nk’abafashwe hagati y’inyundo n’urukero.
Mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, intambara si igikorwa cy’igihe gito, ahubwo ni umuzenguruko udacika, ugaburirwa n’ubwiyongere bw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, intege nke z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta, n’ishyaka ryo kugenzura umutungo kamere. Abanyamulenge bakunze kwisanga mu ishyanga ry’iyi mirwano, aho imidugudu yabo igabwaho ibitero bya hato na hato, abaturage bakicwa, bagasahurwa, abandi bagahunga ku gahato, bigahinduka nk’aho ari ibisanzwe.
Iri hohoterwa ntirikorwa n’uruhande rumwe gusa. Rikorwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro yo mu gihugu, cyane cyane imitwe ya Maï-Maï, ndetse n’imitwe ifite imizi cyangwa ibikorwa byambukiranya imipaka, nka Red-Tabara. Ibi bituma Abanyamulenge babaho mu mwanya w’akaga, bashinjwa gufatanya n’ingabo cyangwa inyungu z’amahanga, ariko icyarimwe bakicwa, bakameneshwa n’impande zose, nta rwego ruhamye rubarinda.
Uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu bibazo by’umutekano n’ibya politiki byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo rufite uruhare runini mu gushimangira isura mbi ihabwa Abanyamulenge. Uru ruhare, yaba ari urufatika cyangwa uruvugwa gusa, rukunze gukoreshwa n’abategetsi n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nk’impamvu yo gutsindagira ihohoterwa rikorerwa uyu muryango.
Abanyamulenge bashyirwa mu cyiciro cy’abafatwa nk’abahagarariye inyungu z’amahanga, bikabakururira urwango n’akato bidafite ishingiro. Ibi bitizwa umurindi n’imvugo za politiki n’itangazamakuru rishishikariza inyumvire zishingiye ku moko, zigahindura ikibazo gikomeye kandi gifite imizi myinshi ikibazo cy’“abanzi b’igihugu”. Abantu bazwi mu ruhame n’abanditsi b’ibitekerezo bagira uruhare mu gukomeza iyi myumvire, bigatuma imibabaro y’Abanyamulenge idahabwa agaciro, bagasigara mu bwigunge n’akaga karushijeho.
Kubaho kw’Abanyamulenge bishingira cyane ku kwemera no ku kwemererwa byuzuye, haba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Nyamara, ubu bwemera buracyari buke cyane. Uyu muryango ufite ijwi rito mu nzego zifata ibyemezo, bigatuma bidashoboka gutanga ibisobanuro by’ibibazo byabo, kurengera uburenganzira bwabo bw’ibanze no gusaba umutekano urambye.
Kubura ababahagararira neza muri politiki bituma biyumva nk’abatarebwa n’igihugu cyabo, bigaha icyuho imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibasha kwifashisha intege nke za Leta n’itandukaniro riri mu muryango wa Congo. Muri ibi bihe, Abanyamulenge basigara nta buryo bwo kwirwanaho mu rwego rwa politiki, hafatwa ibyemezo batabigizemo uruhare, kenshi bikabafatirwa cyangwa bikabafatirwa nabi.
Nubwo amahanga azi uburemere bw’ibibazo byo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, igisubizo cyayo ntikiragera ku rwego rw’ibibazo by’ikiremwamuntu bihari. Ubutumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bwo kugarura amahoro muri Congo (MONUSCO) bwakunze kunengwa kubera kunanirwa gukumira cyangwa guhagarika ihohoterwa rigamije Abanyamulenge by’umwihariko. Ibi bituma habaho kutizera no kumva ko batewe umugongo mu buryo butavugwa.
Ikindi kandi, ibiganiro bya dipolomasi bigamije kugabanya umwuka mubi hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda bikunze kwibanda ku mutekano n’imibanire ya Leta ku rundi ruhande, bigasiga inyuma imibereho nyakuri y’abaturage. Abanyamulenge, ari bo bibasirwa cyane n’aya makimbirane yo mu karere, ntibahabwa umwanya mu biganiro no mu ngamba zo kubarinda. Ububabare bwabo bukaburira mu rujijo rw’intambara ivugwa mu buryo rusange cyane.
Bafashwe mu mutego w’ihohoterwa rifite isura nyinshi, bakoreshwa mu nyungu za politiki zitabarenga, kandi batereranwa n’inzego zagakwiye kubarengera, Abanyamulenge bahindutse ishusho ibabaje y’abaturage bafashwe hagati y’inyundo y’intambara zo mu gihugu n’urukero rw’amakimbirane yo mu karere.
Mu gihe batahabwa uburenganzira busesuye mu bya politiki, umutekano uhamye n’uruhare rufatika mu biganiro by’amahoro, bazakomeza kuba imbohe zicecekeye z’intambara idashira. Ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge si icy’uruhande rumwe; ni indorerwamo igaragaza neza amahanga n’igihugu byananiranye mu nshingano zo gushaka amahoro, ubutabera n’ubwubahane mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
