Isi mu Gihe cy’Impinduka Zidasanzwe: Uko Umwaka Umwe wa Donald Trump wahinduye Politiki Mpuzamahanga
Kuva Donald Trump yagaruka ku butegetsi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, isi yinjiye mu cyiciro gishya kirangwa n’impinduka zidasanzwe mu miyoborere n’imibanire mpuzamahanga. Mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe gusa, yafashe ibyemezo bikomeye byagize ingaruka zigaragara ku mibereho y’ibihugu byinshi, by’umwihariko ibihugu bya Afurika n’ibikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Kimwe mu byemezo byagarutsweho cyane ni uguhagarika inkunga Amerika yageneraga imiryango itandukanye ikorera binyuze mu Muryango w’Abibumbye (Loni/ONU). Iyi myanzuro yahungabanyije bikomeye imibereho y’abaturage benshi, cyane cyane abagenerwabikorwa b’iyo miryango yari isanzwe ibafasha mu by’ubuzima, uburezi n’imibereho myiza.
Mu mwaka umwe amaze ku butegetsi, Trump yashyize imbere inyungu z’ubukungu bwa Amerika mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibi byigaragaje cyane ubwo yatangizaga inzira y’ibiganiro byahuje Perezida Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda na Félix Tshisekedi wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, bikarangira basinye amasezerano y’amahoro. Trump ubwe yemeye ko ayo masezerano ashobora gufungurira Amerika amarembo ku mabuye y’agaciro menshi igihugu cya Congo gitunze.
Mu mateka ya politiki ya Amerika mu kinyejana gishize, ntiharabaho perezida wigeze atera ubwoba isi ku mugaragaro, agaragaza ko ashaka kwigarurira ubutaka bw’igihugu cy’inshuti ya kera no kukiyobora ku ngufu, bitanyuze ku bushake bw’abaturage bacyo. Ni na ko nta wigeze asenya ku buryo bukomeye amahame ya politiki mpuzamahanga n’amasezerano y’ubufatanye yari amaze imyaka myinshi ashingiyeho gahunda y’isi kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi yarangira.
Uko iminsi igenda ishira, amategeko n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenda yirengagizwa, bigakorwa nta nkomyi ifatika. Ibi byatumye Donald Trump atangira kuvugwa nk’umwe mu baperezida ba Amerika “bahinduye byinshi kurusha abandi,” ndetse akagira abamushyigikiye bikomeye imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
Abasesenguzi ba politiki mpuzamahanga bagaragaza impungenge zikomeye, haba ku bantu ku giti cyabo ndetse no ku bihugu, mu gihe i Moscow n’i Beijing bakomeje gukurikirana ibi byose mu ituze, bagerageza gusoma neza icyerekezo cy’iyi miyoborere mishya.
Politiki ya Trump ikakaye ku kibazo cy’abimukira yatumye Amerika ihagarika kwakira abasaba ubuhungiro baturukaga mu nkambi zitandukanye ku isi, harimo n’izo mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati n’iy’iburasirazuba. Yanashyizeho amategeko mashya atuma kubona visa ya Amerika bigorana ku bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, ndetse n’ibyo mu karere hafi ya byose.
Trump, wari ufite inyota yo guhabwa igihembo cy’amahoro cya Nobel, nyuma yo kukibura yatangaje ko atagishishikajwe n’inzira z’amahoro gusa. Yagize ati Amerika ishobora, ku neza cyangwa ku ngufu, gufata Greenland, ikirwa kinini ku isi gitegekwa na Denmark. Aya magambo yatumye benshi bibaza niba ibyo yavuze atari amagambo gusa, cyane ko mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka yohereje indege za gisirikare n’abakomando kabuhariwe bo muri Delta Force muri Venezuela, mu gikorwa kidasanzwe cyarangiye Perezida w’icyo gihugu n’umugore we bajyanywe muri Amerika, aho bivugwa ko bafungiye.
Mu nama mpuzamahanga y’Ubukungu yabereye i Davos mu Busuwisi, Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron yatanze umuburo ukomeye ku cyerekezo isi irimo, n’ubwo atigeze avuga izina rya Trump mu buryo butaziguye. Yagize ati: “Isi irimo kwinjira mu bihe by’ubutegetsi budafite amategeko ahamye, aho amategeko mpuzamahanga atsikamiwe, n’aho itegeko ry’ufite imbaraga rirushaho kwigaragaza.”
Hari impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku bushyamirane mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ndetse n’uko ihuriro rya gisirikare rya NATO/OTAN rimaze imyaka 76 rishobora kujya mu kaga, cyane cyane mu gihe Amerika yakwifashisha ingufu mu mugambi wo gufata Greenland.
Abashyigikiye Trump bakomeje gushimangira gahunda ye ya “America First,” bayirwanirira mu guhangana n’imiyoborere mpuzamahanga yashyizweho nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi. Ibi byanashimangiwe n’amagambo ya Depite w’Umurepubulikani Randy Fine, wavuze ko Loni yananiwe inshingano zayo, bityo gukora ibinyuranye n’ibitekerezo byayo bishobora kuba ari byo byiza kuri Amerika. Yongeye gutangaza ko yashyikirije Inteko Ishinga Amategeko umushinga w’itegeko ugamije kwigarurira Greenland no kuyigira Leta ya Amerika.
Mu gihe abafatanyabikorwa ba Amerika bakomeje kwibaza uko bazitwara imbere y’iyi miyoborere itunguranye, hari abemeza ko igisubizo kiri mu biganiro bifatika, bifata Trump nk’uko ari, atari mu magambo gusa.
Intambara y’Uburusiya na Ukraine yakomeje kwerekana Trump nk’umuyobozi uhindagura imvugo, rimwe akagaragara nk’ushyigikiye Uburusiya, ubundi akabogamira kuri Ukraine, bigatuma bigorana kumenya aho ahagaze mu by’ukuri.
Ubu amaso y’isi yose ahanzwe kuri Greenland, ikirwa Trump avuga ko Amerika igomba kugenzura ku neza cyangwa ku nabi. Yagize ati: “Nta nshingano mfite zo gutekereza ku mahoro gusa; n’ubwo ari ingenzi, ngomba no gutekereza ku cyiza n’inyungu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.”
Mu gihe ubutegetsi bwe bwahinduye byinshi mu mezi 12 gusa, benshi baribaza ibizaba mu mezi 36 asigaye muri iyi manda. Uburayi burasa n’ubushaka kwishyira hamwe mu gufata ingamba zakomanyiriza Amerika, ariko bugihura n’imbogamizi z’inyungu zinyuranye. Afurika yo ikomeje guceceka, n’ubwo zimwe mu ngamba za Trump ziyigiraho ingaruka zitaziguye. Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya na byo bikomeje gukurikira bucece, ku buryo kugeza ubu nta wamenya neza uruhande ibyo bihugu bikomeye bihagazeho.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko isi yinjiye mu bihe by’ihindagurika rikomeye, aho icyerekezo cya politiki mpuzamahanga kirushaho kuba urujijo, mu gihe Donald Trump akomeje kuba igicumbi cy’izo mpinduka.
