RDC: Amateka Akomeye, Abaturage Batandukanye n’Urugendo Rugana mu Hazaza
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ni kimwe mu bihugu binini kandi bifite amateka akomeye muri Afurika no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ni igihugu gifite ubutunzi kamere budasanzwe, amoko menshi atandukanye, ndetse n’amateka arimo impinduka zikomeye zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari no ku Isi muri rusange.
Mbere y’uko Abanyaburayi bagera muri Congo, aka karere kari gatuwe n’ubwami n’imiryango by’abantu bafite imico n’imigenzo ikomeye. Hari ubwami bukomeye bwagiye bubaho, burimo:
Ubwami bwa Kongo, bwari bwarateye imbere mu miyoborere n’ubucuruzi;
Ubwami bwa Luba na Lunda, bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y’Uburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ya Congo.
Abaturage b’icyo gihe bari bafite imibereho ishingiye ku buhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuruzi n’imibanire ishingiye ku muryango no ku muco.
Mu 1885, Congo yabaye umutungo bwite w’Umwami Léopold II w’u Bubiligi, yitwa Congo Free State. Icyo gihe cyaranzwe n’ihohoterwa rikabije, ikoreshwa ry’agahato, iyicarubozo n’urupfu rw’abaturage babarirwa muri za miriyoni.
Mu 1908, Congo yahindutse ubukoloni bw’u Bubiligi, yitwa Congo Belge. Nubwo hari ibikorwa remezo byubatswe, abaturage ba Congo bakomeje guhezwa mu miyoborere no mu bukungu.
Tariki ya 30/06/1960, Congo yabonye ubwigenge, ihita yitwa Repubulika ya Congo (Leopoldville).
Patrice Emery Lumumba yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere, naho Joseph Kasa-Vubu aba Perezida.
Icyakora, ubwigenge bwakurikijwe n’imvururu za politiki, ubugambanyi mpuzamahanga n’iyicwa rya Lumumba mu 1961, byasize igihugu mu rujijo rukomeye.
Mu 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko yafashe ubutegetsi ahirika ubwariho. Mu 1971 yahinduye izina ry’igihugu acyita Zaïre, ashyiraho politiki ya Authenticité. Nubwo hari igihe igihugu cyagaragaraga nk’igitunganye, ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwaranzwe na ruswa ikabije, igitugu, ivangura no gusahura umutungo w’igihugu.
Mu 1997, Laurent-Désiré Kabila yafashe ubutegetsi afashijwe n’ingabo zaturutse mu karere, ahindura izina ry’igihugu acyita Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Nyuma yaho hakurikiye Intambara ya mbere n’iya kabiri ya Congo, zafatwaga nk’intambara zikomeye kurusha izindi muri Afurika, zigizwemo uruhare n’ibihugu byinshi ndetse n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Uyu munsi, RDC iyobowe na Félix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo kuva mu 2019. Nubwo hari intambwe igaragara mu miyoborere no mu mibanire mpuzamahanga, igihugu kiracyahura n’ibibazo bikomeye birimo umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba, ubukene, akarengane ku baturage, imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku butaka n’ubwenegihugu.
RDC ituwe n’amoko arenga 250, bigatuma iba kimwe mu bihugu bifite ubudasa bukomeye mu mico n’indimi. Amoko akomeye arimo:
Aba Bantu (barimo Luba, Kongo, Mongo, Nande, Hunde n’abandi);
Aba Pygmées (Batwa), bafatwa nk’abaturage ba mbere bo mu mashyamba ya Congo.
Aba Nilotic;
Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi muri RDC
Abanyamulenge ni igice cy’Abatutsi batuye cyane mu misozi y’i Mulenge mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Bamaze imyaka myinshi batuye muri Congo, mbere y’igihe cy’ubukoloni.
Abatutsi muri rusange, barimo Abanyamulenge n’abandi batuye mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, ni bamwe mu baturage ba RDC bafite uburenganzira busesuye nk’abandi bose. Icyakora, amateka y’akarere, intambara n’imvugo za politiki byagiye bituma ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu bwabo kigibwaho impaka, bigateza ivangura n’ihohoterwa rikomeye.
Ejo hazaza ha RDC hashingiye ku gushyira imbere amahoro arambye, ubumwe bw’abaturage bose hatitawe ku moko, imiyoborere iboneye n’ikoreshwa ry’umutungo mu nyungu rusange z’abaturage.
Iyo amahoro arambye abonetse, RDC ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba imwe mu nkingi z’iterambere rya Afurika no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ni igihugu gifite amateka akomeye, ubudasa mu baturage n’ubutunzi kamere butagereranywa. Gusobanukirwa ayo mateka no kwemera ubudasa bw’amoko n’abaturage bose, barimo Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi, ni ingenzi mu kubaka ejo hazaza h’igihugu gitekanye kandi giteye imbere.
