Abamaritiri ba Pentekote: Amateka Yihishe Inyuma y’Iyicwa Ry’Abanyapolitiki Bane n’Izina rya Étienne Tshisekedi
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
Amateka ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) arimo ibihe bikomeye byaranzwe n’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi, guhangana kwa politiki no guhonyorwa kw’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Muri ibyo bihe harimo iyicwa ry’abanyapolitiki bane bazwi nka Abamaritiri ba Pentekote (Les Martyrs de la Pentecôte), biciwe ku mugaragaro ku itariki ya 02/06/1966, ku butegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko.
Abo banyapolitiki ni Évariste Kimba, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Congo, Jérôme Anany, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Alexandre Mahamba na Emmanuel Bamba. Urupfu rwabo rwabaye kimwe mu bice byasize ibikomere bikomeye mu mateka ya politiki ya Congo, cyane cyane bitewe n’uburyo bafashwe, bacirwa urubanza ndetse bagakatirwa igihano cy’urupfu.
Iyi nkuru irongera kugarura impaka ku ruhare rwa Étienne Tshisekedi wa Mulumba, waje kumenyekana nk’umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye barwanyije ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, ariko akaba yari no mu bayobozi bakomeye ba Guverinoma ye igihe abo bagabo bane bicwaga.
Uko abanyapolitiki bane bafashwe bagakatirwa urupfu
Mu mwaka wa 1965, Mobutu Sese Seko yafashe ubutegetsi binyuze mu ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, ahirika Perezida Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Nyuma yaho, mu kwezi kwa gatanu 1966, ubutegetsi bwe bwatangaje ko bwamenye umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi, waje kumenyekana nka Complot de la Pentecôte.
Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Alexandre Mahamba na Emmanuel Bamba barafashwe, bashinjwa kugira uruhare muri uwo mugambi.
Urubanza rwabo rwabereye mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwihariye, mu buryo bwagaragajwe ko butubahirije amahame y’ibanze agenga ubutabera. Abaregwa ntibahawe umwanya uhagije wo kwiregura, kandi iburanisha ryabo ryakozwe mu gihe gito cyane.
Raporo z’amateka zivuga ko abacamanza batatu bamaze iminota itanu gusa mu mwiherero mbere yo gutangaza ko abo bagabo bane bahamwe n’ibyaha, bagakatirwa igihano cy’urupfu.
Nubwo abayobozi b’amadini n’abahagarariye ibihugu by’amahanga basabye ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu kubagirira imbabazi, ubusabe bwabo ntibwagize icyo buhindura.
Ku itariki ya 02/06/1966, Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Alexandre Mahamba na Emmanuel Bamba biciwe ku mugaragaro bakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kumanikwa ku mugozi, mu mujyi wa Léopoldville, ari wo Kinshasa y’ubu. Icyo gikorwa cyabereye ahazwi nka Pont Cabu.
Nyuma yaho, kwibuka abo bagabo byagize umwanya ukomeye mu mateka ya Congo, kugeza aho Stade Kamanyola yaje guhindurirwa izina ikitwa Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecôte, mu rwego rwo kubibuka.
Étienne Tshisekedi yari mu kihe cyiciro cy’ubuyobozi?
Kimwe mu bintu byongeye gukurura impaka kuri iki gikorwa ni umwanya Étienne Tshisekedi yari afite mu butegetsi bwa Mobutu igihe abo banyapolitiki bane bicwaga.
Mu mwaka wa 1966, Tshisekedi yari Minisitiri w’Umutekano w’Igihugu n’Ubutegetsi bw’Imbere, ashinzwe ibijyanye n’ubutegetsi bw’imbere mu gihugu n’imicungire y’ibibazo by’imigenzo n’inzego gakondo.
Bityo, ntiyari umuntu wo hanze y’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, ahubwo yari umwe mu bayobozi bari mu nzego zo hejuru za Guverinoma.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wa televiziyo y’u Bubiligi, RTBF, Tshisekedi yabajijwe ku rupfu rw’abo banyapolitiki bane n’uruhare rw’ubutegetsi mu cyemezo cyo kubica. Nk’uko inyandiko isesengura icyo kiganiro ibigaragaza, byaramugoye gutanga ibisobanuro bifatika by’amategeko byerekana ko urubanza rwabo rwakozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amahame y’ubutabera.
Yaje kwifashisha ihame ry’ubwigenge bw’ubutabera, anavuga ko abakatiwe batubahirije icyubahiro cy’umukuru w’igihugu n’imigenzo, ndetse ko igihano cyabo cyari kigamije no gukumira ibikorwa nk’ibyo mu gihe kizaza.
Amagambo yavuzwe ko yakoresheje, agaragaza ko igihano cy’ubutabera kitagomba buri gihe kuba icyo guhana gusa, ahubwo gishobora no kugira intego yo gukumira ibyaha, yongeye guteza impaka ku buryo yasobanuraga ibyabaye.
Komisiyo y’Igihugu yigenga yagaragaje ibibazo mu rubanza
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, Komisiyo ishinzwe iperereza ku bwicanyi no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Konferansi y’Igihugu yigenga (Conférence Nationale Souveraine) yagarutse kuri iki kibazo.
Iyo Komisiyo yasabye ko urubanza rw’abo banyapolitiki bane rusubirwamo, bitewe n’ibibazo bikomeye byagaragaye mu mikorere y’urukiko no mu iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’abaregwa.
Yanatanze inama y’uko abishwe bahabwa icyubahiro cyabo, ndetse ko abantu bagize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa n’ababafashije bakurikiranwa n’amategeko.
Icyakora, ni ngombwa gutandukanya inshingano za politiki n’uruhare rutaziguye mu mugambi wo kwica abo bantu. Kuba Tshisekedi yari Minisitiri mu butegetsi bwa Mobutu no kuba yaravuze amagambo agaragaza uko yabonaga ibihano byatanzwe, ntibihagije ubwabyo kumuhamya ko yari mu bagize umugambi wo kubica. Raporo ya Komisiyo, nk’uko inyandiko yatanzwe ibigaragaza, na yo ntiyamugaragaje nk’umwe mu bagize umugambi mubisha.
Nyuma y’aho, Tshisekedi yaje kuba umwe mu bashinze ishyaka UDPS mu mwaka wa 1982, riza kuba rimwe mu mashyaka akomeye yarwanyije ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu rugamba rwo guharanira demokarasi no kurwanya ubutegetsi bw’igitugu muri Congo.
Icyo gihe cye cyo kurwanya Mobutu ntigikuraho ariko ibibazo by’amateka bijyanye n’uruhare rwe mu butegetsi bwe mu myaka ya mbere.
Umurage wa politiki n’ukuri kw’amateka
Urupfu rwa Évariste Kimba, Jérôme Anany, Alexandre Mahamba na Emmanuel Bamba rukomeje kuba kimwe mu bice bibabaje by’amateka ya Congo. Rugaragaza akaga gashobora guterwa n’ubutabera butubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abaregwa, cyane cyane iyo ibibazo bya politiki bigize uruhare mu mikorere y’inzego z’ubutabera.
Ku ruhande rwa Étienne Tshisekedi, amateka ye arimo ibice bibiri bidakwiye gutandukanywa: kuba yarabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba Guverinoma ya Mobutu mu gihe cy’iyicwa ry’abo banyapolitiki bane, ndetse no kuba yaraje kuba umwe mu bantu bakomeye barwanyije ubwo butegetsi.
Gusuzuma umurage w’umunyapolitiki bisaba kureba amateka ye yose, aho guhitamo ibice byonyine bihuye n’ibitekerezo bya politiki by’abamushyigikiye cyangwa abamurwanya.
Abamaritiri ba Pentekote ntibakwiye kwibukwa mu rwego rwo guhangana kw’amashyaka, ahubwo bakwiye kwibukwa mu rwego rwo gushaka ukuri, kubahiriza ubutabera no kurinda uburenganzira bwa muntu. Amateka y’igihugu ntakwiye guhindurwa umugani wo guhimbaza abayobozi, ahubwo akwiye gusuzumwa mu kuri kwayo kose, hatitawe ku mazina cyangwa imyanya abantu baba barigeze kugira.
Amakuru y’ingenzi yemezwa n’amasoko y’amateka agaragaza ko urubanza rwabaye ku itariki ya 31/05/1966, naho igihano kigashyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki ya 02/06/1966.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)