Afurika: Umugabane w’Amateka Akomeye, Impinduka Zidacogora n’Icyerekezo Gishya ku Isi
Afurika ni umwe mu migabane ifite amateka maremare kandi akomeye mu mateka y’isi, uhereye ku nkomoko y’ikiremwamuntu kugeza ku rugendo rutoroshye rw’ubukoloni, ubwigenge n’iterambere riri kubaka ejo hazaza hayo. Ni umugabane ugizwe n’ibihugu birenga 50, ufite ubusumbane mu bukungu, imico n’imiterere ya politiki, ariko uhuje ku murage wihariye w’amateka n’icyerekezo cyo kwigira.
Afurika ifatwa nk’inkomoko y’ikiremwamuntu (cradle of humanity), aho ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ari ho abantu ba mbere batuye mbere yo gukwira isi yose. Mu bihe bya kera, Afurika yari igicumbi cy’imico n’ubwami bukomeye. Ubwami bwa Misiri ya kera (Ancient Egypt) bwateye imbere mu bumenyi, ubuhinzi n’imyubakire, harimo piramide n’ubumenyi bw’imibare n’inyenyeri.
Mu burengerazuba bw’umugabane, habayeho ubwami bukomeye nka Ghana, Mali na Songhai, bwari buzwi ku bucuruzi bw’umunyu na zahabu. Umwami Mansa Musa wa Mali azwi nk’umwe mu bantu bakize cyane mu mateka y’isi, anagaragaza uko Afurika yari ifite ubukungu bukomeye mbere y’ubukoloni.
Kuva mu kinyejana cya 15, Afurika yinjiye mu bihe bikomeye by’ubucakara, aho Abanyaburayi bajyanaga Abanyafurika ku gahato mu bihugu byo muri Amerika. Ibi byasenye imiryango n’ubukungu, binadindiza iterambere ry’umugabane.
Nyuma y’aho, mu kinyejana cya 19, Afurika yigaruriwe n’ibihugu by’i Burayi mu gikorwa cyiswe “Scramble for Africa”. Ibihugu nk’u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi n’ibindi byigaruriye ibice byinshi by’Afurika, bishyiraho imipaka itita ku moko n’imico, ari na byo bikomeje guteza ibibazo kugeza n’ubu.
Mu kinyejana cya 20, cyane cyane hagati ya 1950 na 1970, ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byabonye ubwigenge. Abayobozi nka Kwame Nkrumah wa Ghana, Julius Nyerere wa Tanzania na Nelson Mandela wa Afurika y’Epfo bagize uruhare rukomeye mu rugamba rwo kwigobotora ubukoloni no kurwanya ivanguramoko.
Icyakora, nyuma y’ubwigenge, ibihugu byinshi byahuye n’ibibazo birimo kudahama kwa politiki, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, ruswa n’intambara z’imbere mu gihugu.
Uyu munsi, Afurika iri mu nzira y’impinduka zikomeye. Mu rwego rw’ubukungu, hari ibihugu bigaragaza izamuka rikomeye, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga, ubucuruzi n’inganda. Imishinga ihuriweho nk’isoko rusange rya Afurika (AfCFTA) igamije kongera ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu by’umugabane.
Mu rwego rwa politiki, hari intambwe igaragara mu guteza imbere demokarasi n’imiyoborere myiza, nubwo hakiri ibibazo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe birimo intambara n’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi.
Mu mibereho y’abaturage, Afurika ifite urubyiruko rwinshi cyane rufatwa nk’imbaraga z’ejo hazaza. Icyakora, ibibazo by’ubushomeri, ubukene n’uburezi bidahagije biracyari imbogamizi.
Afurika ifite umutungo kamere mwinshi cyane: zahabu, peteroli, amabuye y’agaciro n’ubutaka burumbuka. Ariko ikibazo gikomeye ni uko uyu mutungo akenshi ukoreshwa n’ibigo mpuzamahanga ku nyungu z’abanyamahanga kurusha abaturage b’aho ukomoka.
Ku rundi ruhande, Afurika ifite amahirwe akomeye:
Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga (fintech, mobile money)
Ubwiyongere bw’isoko ry’imbere mu mugabane
Urubyiruko rwinshi rushobora gutuma habaho impinduka zikomeye
Icyerekezo cy’Afurika mu Gihe Kizaza
Nubwo Afurika yahuye n’amateka arimo ibikomere byinshi, icyerekezo cyayo kiratanga icyizere. Ibihugu byinshi biri gushora imari mu burezi, ikoranabuhanga n’ibikorwa remezo. Ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu na bwo buri kwiyongera.
Afurika ifite amahirwe yo kuba umwe mu migabane izagira ijambo rikomeye ku isi mu myaka iri imbere, igihe izabasha gukemura ibibazo by’imiyoborere, gukoresha neza umutungo kamere no gushora imari mu bantu bayo.
Afurika ni umugabane wanyuze mu bihe bikomeye ariko ukomeje kwiyubaka. Amateka yayo agaragaza ubukire bw’umuco n’ubushobozi, ariko anibutsa ibikomere by’ubucakara n’ubukoloni. Uyu munsi, Afurika ihagaze ku ntera ikomeye y’impinduka, aho ishobora guhindura amateka yayo ikaba umusemburo w’iterambere ku isi.
