Amerika: Impinduka mu Gisirikare Zikomeje Guteza Impaka Zikomeye
Muri iki gihe isi ikomeje guhinduka mu buryo bwihuse mu bijyanye n’umutekano n’intambara, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zirimo gutekereza ku mpinduka zikomeye mu buryo zitegura abasirikare bazo. Umushinga mushya uri kwigwaho ushobora gutuma abasore bose bujuje imyaka 18 bandikwa mu buryo bwikora (automatic) nk’abashobora kwinjizwa mu gisirikare, aho gukomeza gahunda isanzwe yo kwiyandikisha ku bushake.
Uyu mushinga watanzwe n’urwego rushinzwe gutegura no kwandika abashobora kujya mu gisirikare, ruzwi nka Selective Service System (SSS), ugamije koroshya no kunoza uburyo bwo kumenya no gutoranya abashobora kwinjira mu gisirikare mu gihe igihugu cyaba kibikeneye. Nk’uko byatangajwe, uyu mushinga uramutse ushyizwe mu bikorwa, abasore ntibazongera gusabwa kujya biyandikisha ubwabo; ahubwo bazajya bandikwa mu buryo bwikora bakimara kuzuza imyaka 18.
Abashyigikiye uyu mushinga bavuga ko uzafasha Leta ya Amerika kugabanya amafaranga menshi yajyaga akoreshwa buri mwaka mu bukangurambaga bwo kwibutsa abasore bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 25 kwiyandikisha. Uretse kuzigama amafaranga, bavuga ko bizanazamura umubare w’abiyandikisha, kuko imibare ya vuba igaragaza ko mu 2024 abagera kuri 81% gusa ari bo bubahirizaga iri tegeko.
Byongeye kandi, iyi gahunda ishobora gutuma igihugu cyitegura neza kurushaho mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’umutekano cyangwa intambara zishobora kuvuka mu gihe kizaza, aho byasaba kongera umubare w’abasirikare mu buryo bwihuse.
Nubwo hari abayishyigikiye, uyu mushinga wanateje impaka zikomeye mu Banyamerika. Bamwe mu baturage n’impuguke mu by’amategeko n’uburenganzira bwa muntu bagaragaza impungenge ko ushobora gutuma abantu bajyanwa ku rugamba batabishaka, cyane cyane mu gihe intambara yaba itunguranye cyangwa itavugwaho rumwe.
Hari n’ababona ko iyi gahunda ishobora kuba intambwe iganisha ku kugarura uburyo bwo kohereza abantu ku rugamba ku gahato (military draft), ibintu byigeze kwamaganwa bikomeye mu mateka ya Amerika, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Vietnam.
Kohereza abantu ku rugamba ku gahato byaherukaga mu 1973, nyuma y’impaka n’imyigaragambyo bikomeye byabaye mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Vietnam. Muri iyo myaka, abarenga miliyoni 1.8 b’Abanyamerika banditswe bajya mu gisirikare ku gahato, ibintu byasize isomo rikomeye mu mateka y’igihugu.
Kuva icyo gihe, gahunda yasigaye isaba gusa abasore kwiyandikisha muri Selective Service, ariko ntihite ibohereza mu gisirikare keretse mu bihe byihariye igihugu cyemeje.
Kugeza ubu, amategeko ya Amerika asaba abasore bose bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 25 kwiyandikisha muri gahunda ya Selective Service. Kutabikora bifatwa nk’icyaha gishobora guhanishwa igifungo kigera ku myaka itanu, nubwo mu bikorwa bisanzwe abenshi batabihanirwa.
Ariko kutiyandikisha bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, zirimo kubura amahirwe yo kubona buruse za Leta, imirimo ya Leta, ndetse no kubangamira abanyamahanga baba muri Amerika bashaka kubona ubwenegihugu.
Kugeza ubu, uyu mushinga uracyari mu rwego rwo kwigwaho n’inzego zishinzwe amategeko, ukazabanza gusuzumwa no kwemezwa mbere y’uko ushyirwa mu bikorwa. Nta cyemezo cya nyuma kirafatwa, ariko ibiganiro biwukikije bikomeje gufata intera mu rwego rwa politiki no mu baturage.
Abayobozi ba Leta ya Amerika bagaragaje ko nubwo hari impungenge zishingiye ku bibazo by’umutekano mpuzamahanga, harimo n’intambara zishobora kuvuka mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, uyu mushinga utafite aho uhuriye n’intambara runaka iriho ubu.
Iyi gahunda nshya iramutse ishyizwe mu bikorwa, yaba ari impinduka ikomeye mu mateka y’imitegurire y’igisirikare cya Amerika. Icyakora, nk’uko byagiye bigaragara mu mateka, ibijyanye no kohereza abaturage ku rugamba ku gahato bikomeza kuba ingingo itavugwaho rumwe, ihora itera impaka hagati y’abashyigikiye umutekano w’igihugu n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Mu gihe isi ikomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’umutekano birimo intambara n’ihindagurika rya politiki mpuzamahanga, icyemezo Amerika izafata kuri uyu mushinga kizagira ingaruka zikomeye haba ku baturage bayo no ku ruhare rwayo mu mutekano w’isi muri rusange.