Amerika, Qatar n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe Barahamagarirwa Guhuza Inzira za Washington na Doha mu Rugendo rw’Amahoro
Raporo ya Baromètre des Accords de Paix en Afrique yashyizwe ahagaragara, isesengura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Washington yasinywe tariki ya 27/06/2025 hagati ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) n’u Rwanda.
Nk’uko iyi raporo yagenzuwe ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 05/01/2026, ibigaragara ni uko amanota rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya masezerano atigeze azamuka mu kwezi kwa cumi na kabiri 2025. Ibi bigaragaza igabanuka rikomeye ry’umuvuduko wari waragaragaye mu mezi abanza. Mu mezi ashize, habonetse intambwe igenda yiyongera: kuva kuri 9% mu mpera z’ukwa karindwi, igera kuri 19% mu mpera z’ukwa munani, ikurikirwa na 21,6% mu kwezi kwa cumi 23,3% no mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe. Icyakora, mu kwezi kwa cumi na kabiri, uwo muvuduko warahagaze burundu.
Ni nako byagenze ku manota y’imirimo yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku rwego ruciriritse, nayo yagumye uko yari ameze. Ku bw’iyo Baromètre, iri hagarikira ryerekana intege nke mu kubahiriza amasezerano yemeranyijweho, bigaragaza ko hakenewe kongerwa imbaraga ku ruhande rw’abahuza n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga, hagamijwe kuzamura ireme ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa, gukomeza ubushake bwa politiki no kurinda intambwe imaze guterwa, itarasubira inyuma.
Mu guhangana n’iki kibazo, Baromètre irasaba Komite Ihuriweho Ishinzwe Kugenzura (JOC) n’Urwego Ruhuriweho Rushinzwe Guhuza Umutekano (JSCM) hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, gutangaza raporo zisesenguye kandi zuzuye. Izo raporo zikwiye kugaragaza imbogamizi zagaragaye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, ubukererwe, kutubahiriza ibyemeranyijweho n’impande zombi, ndetse n’ingamba zikosora ziteganyijwe.
Iyo Baromètre ishimangira ko kongera umucyo byafasha gusubiza icyizere rubanda ifitiye inzira y’amahoro, mu mwanya w’amatangazo ahuriweho asanzwe atangazwa ariko adatanga ishusho yuzuye y’ibiri kuba ku butaka.
Mu butumwa igenera Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Qatar n’umuhuza w’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, Baromètre irasaba gutegura no gushyikiriza impande bireba inyandiko y’ubwumvikane igamije gushyiraho ihuzabikorwa n’iyuzuzanya, hatabayeho kwiharira, hagati y’inzira za Washington na Doha.
Iyo nyandiko, nk’uko byagarutsweho, yakwemerera kwinjiza AFC/M23 mu murongo w’Amasezerano ya Washington, no guhuza u Rwanda ku buryo bweruye n’inzira ya Doha, bityo hagashyirwaho imikorere ihamye, ihuje kandi yuzuzanya mu rwego rwa dipolomasi.
Ku ruhande rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Baromètre irasaba:
gukomeza igitutu cya dipolomasi kuri Kinshasa na Kigali kugira ngo hubahirizwe igihe ntarengwa ku bijyanye no kurandura burundu umutwe wa FDLR no gukuraho ingamba z’ubwirinzi u Rwanda rwashyizeho;
gushishikariza FDLR isigaye muri RDC gutaha ku bushake;
kongera inkunga mu bya tekiniki n’ibikoresho kuri JSCM na JOC, hagamijwe kunoza ihuzabikorwa n’igenzura ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano;
guha MONUSCO ubushobozi buhagije mu by’amafaranga, tekiniki n’ibikoresho, kugira ngo ikore neza inshingano zayo zagutse zirimo kurinda abasivili, guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’agahenge mu rwego rwa Doha no gushyigikira gahunda za DDR;
gukomeza gushyigikira ku buryo bugaragara umuhuza wa Qatar mu biganiro bihuza Leta ya Congo na AFC/M23.
Ku ruhande rwa Qatar, irasabwa:
gukomeza gushyira imbere ihuzabikorwa rikomeye hagati y’inzira za Doha na Washington;
gushyigikira imikorere y’urwego ruhuriweho rushinzwe igenzura rwemejwe tariki ya 14/10/2025 hagati ya Leta ya Congo na AFC/M23.
Ku muhuza w’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, Baromètre irasaba:
kwitaho by’umwihariko ihuzwa ry’inzira za Washington na Doha, mu murongo uhuje n’ingamba rusange z’amahoro ku mugabane, cyane cyane mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, binyuze no gusaba abazitabira inama yo ku rwego rwo hejuru iteganyijwe mu minsi yavuba muri Togo. Gusuzuma amahirwe yo gushyiraho inyandiko y’ubwumvikane;
guharanira ko haboneka ingengo y’imari yigenga ishyigikira urwego rwa Afurika rushinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, binyuze mu ngengo y’imari yihariye y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, kugira ngo rwihagararire mu buryo burambye.
N’ubwo Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald Trump, yagize uruhare rugaragara mu gushyigikira inzira ya Washington, ikanihutishwa no kwemezwa kw’amasezerano n’Abaperezida Félix Tshisekedi na Paul Kagame, umutekano ku butaka uracyari mubi. Kinshasa na Kigali bikomeje gushinjanya kudashyira mu bikorwa ibyo byemeranyijweho, bigakomeza kugabanya icyizere hagati y’impande zombi.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibiganiro bya Doha biyobowe na Emir wa Qatar, bihuje Leta ya Congo na AFC/M23, nabyo byatangiye kudindira bikomeye. N’ubwo byari bigamije kuzuza Amasezerano ya Washington binyuze mu gukemura imizi y’ikibazo—nko gusubiza ububasha bwa Leta no kongera kwinjiza imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu buzima busanzwe—ibyemejwe byinshi biracyari ku mpapuro gusa. Uburyo bwo guhagarika imirwano, itangazo ry’amahame n’amasezerano rusange ntibirashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Uku kudindira kwatumye imirwano ikaze yongera kwaduka mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, byiyongera ku bibazo bya politiki by’imbere mu gihugu. Perezida Félix Tshisekedi akomeje gutsimbarara ku mwanzuro we, avuga ko gutangiza ibiganiro bya politiki bigomba guturuka gusa ku bubasha bwe, n’ubwo amadini amaze gushyira ahagaragara urutonde rw’ibikorwa (feuille de route) rubigendaho.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko inzira y’amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC igikeneye ubufatanye buhamye, ihuzwa ry’ingamba n’ubushake bwa politiki bwimbitse, kugira ngo amahoro arambye agerweho mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
