Inzoga n’Ikimogi: Ni Ikihe Cyangiza Abantu Cyane? Isesengura Ryimbitse ku Ngaruka Zabyo n’Amateka y’Inkomoko y’Ikimogi
Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba inzoga cyangwa ikimogi ari byo byangiza abantu cyane gikeneye gusuzumwa mu buryo bw’ubumenyi, hashingiwe ku mibare n’ubushakashatsi bwizewe. Byombi ni ibiyobyabwenge (substances psychoactives) bigira ingaruka ku mubiri no ku bwonko, ariko uburyo byangiza n’uburemere bw’ingaruka zabyo biratandukana bitewe n’ingano ikoreshwa, igihe bimaze bikoreshwa, ndetse n’imiterere y’umuntu ku giti cye.
Inzoga
Inzoga (alcool/ethanol) ni ikinyobwa cyemewe n’amategeko mu bihugu byinshi, ariko gifite ubukana bukomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu.
Inzoga yangiza umubiri: Umwijima (Foie): Ni rwo rugingo rwibasirwa cyane n’inzoga. Ishobora gutera stéatose hépatique (umwijima wuzura ibinure), hépatite alcoolique (kubyimba no kubabara k’umwijima), ndetse na cirrhose (kwangirika burundu k’umwijima). Inzoga ihindurwa n’umwijima igahinduka acetaldehyde, uburozi bwangiza uturemangingo twawo.
Ubwonko: Igabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no gufata ibyemezo, ikanahungabanya imikorere isanzwe y’imitekerereze. Ishobora guteza indwara zo mu mutwe nko kwiheba (dépression). Ku bantu banywa inzoga igihe kirekire kandi ku rugero rwo hejuru, ishobora gutera igabanuka ry’uturemangingo tw’ubwonko (atrophie cérébrale).
Umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso: Yongera umuvuduko w’amaraso, ishobora gutera indwara z’umutima no guhagarara k’umutima.
Igifu n’izindi ngingo: Itera ibisebe mu gifu (ulcères) kandi yongera ibyago bya kanseri yo mu kanwa, mu muhogo no mu mara.
Uretse ingaruka z’ubuzima, inzoga ifitanye isano n’ihohotera rishingiye ku businzi, impanuka zo mu muhanda, ubukene ndetse n’isenyuka ry’imiryango. Ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga bugaragaza ko inzoga iri mu biyobyabwenge bitera impfu nyinshi ku isi buri mwaka.
Ikimogi
Ikimogi (cannabis/marijuana) ni igihingwa kirimo ikinyabutabire cyitwa THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol), kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwonko.
Ubwonko: Ni rwo rugingo rwibasirwa cyane. Ikimogi kigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwibuka no kwiga, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko. Gishobora guhindura imitekerereze n’imyifatire, kandi ku bantu bamwe na bamwe gishobora guteza indwara zo mu mutwe nka psychose cyangwa schizophrénie, by’umwihariko ku bafite ibyago by’izo ndwara.
THC ifata ku byuma byitwa récepteurs cannabinoïdes mu bwonko, bigahindura imikorere y’uturemangingo twohereza amakuru (neurotransmetteurs).
Ibihaha: Iyo gikoreshejwe mu buryo bwo kugisohora umwotsi, cyangiza ibihaha kimwe n’itabi, kikaba gishobora gutera inkorora idakira no kwangiza imiyoboro y’umwuka.
Imyororokere n’imisemburo: Gishobora kugabanya intanga ku bagabo no guhungabanya imihindagurikire y’imisemburo.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga: Inzoga itera impfu nyinshi kurusha ikimogi kandi yangiza ingingo nyinshi z’umubiri mu buryo bwagutse (umwijima, umutima, ubwonko, igifu n’izindi).
Ikimogi kigira ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku bwonko, by’umwihariko ku rubyiruko, ariko ntikigaragara ko gitera impfu nyinshi nk’inzoga.
Bityo, mu rwego rw’ingaruka rusange ku buzima n’imibereho, inzoga ifatwa nk’iyangiza cyane kurusha ikimogi, cyane iyo ikoreshwa nabi kandi mu gihe kirekire.
Icyakora, ibi ntibisobanura ko ikimogi kitagira ingaruka. Ku rubyiruko n’abafite intege nke zo mu mutwe, ingaruka zacyo zishobora kuba ndende kandi zikomeye.
Ikimogi si ikiyobyabwenge “cyavumbuwe” n’umuntu umwe nk’imiti ikorerwa muri laboratwari; ni igihingwa gisanzwe cyari gisanzwe kibaho mu bidukikije kuva kera.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko inkomoko yacyo iri muri Aziya yo hagati, cyane cyane mu duce tugize Ubushinwa na Mongoliya. Hari inyandiko za kera zo mu gihe cy’umwami w’Abashinwa witwaga Shennong, zivuga ikoreshwa ryacyo nk’umuti w’indwara zitandukanye, nko kugabanya ububabare no kuvura indwara zo mu mara, mu myaka irenga 4,000 ishize.
Mu Buhinde, cyakoreshwaga mu mihango ya kidini, kizwi ku izina rya bhang. Nyuma cyageze mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no muri Afurika binyuze mu bucuruzi bwa kera. Mu Burayi no muri Amerika, cyatangiye gukwirakwira cyane mu kinyejana cya 19 n’icya 20.
Inzoga iri mu biyobyabwenge byangiza cyane ku rwego rw’isi, bitewe n’impfu nyinshi n’ingaruka zikomeye ku ngingo zitandukanye z’umubiri. Ikimogi na cyo kigira ingaruka zikomeye, cyane ku bwonko no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe, by’umwihariko ku rubyiruko.
Byombi bisaba kwirindwa ikoreshwa nabi no gukoresha ubushishozi, kuko ingaruka zabyo zishobora kuba ndende kandi zikagira uburemere bukomeye ku buzima bw’umuntu no ku mibereho y’umuryango. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima rusange, kurinda urubyiruko no gukangurira abantu kwirinda ikoreshwa rikabije ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zo kubungabunga ubuzima n’iterambere rirambye ry’umuryango.
