Iyo Umunyamakuru Yambaye Uniform Agafata Imbunda: Burkina Faso Yatanze Isomo Rikomeye ku Isi ku Mipaka Hagati y’Itangazamakuru, Igihugu n’Intambara
Minembwe Capital News
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bihanganye n’intambara, iterabwoba n’ibibazo by’umutekano, ikibazo cy’umubano hagati y’ubutegetsi n’itangazamakuru kiragenda kiba ingingo ikomeye mu mpaka mpuzamahanga: Ese umunyamakuru ashobora gukunda igihugu cye ataretse kuba umwuga we wigenga? Kandi se, mu gihe igihugu kiri mu ntambara, gukunda igihugu bisobanura gufata imbunda no kwinjira mu gisirikare?
Burkina Faso yahaye isi urugero rudasanzwe rushobora gukomeza gutera impaka. Abanyamakuru barenga 40 bakorera ibitangazamakuru bya Leta n’ibyigenga bitabiriye gahunda y’amahugurwa ya gisirikare agamije kubatoza indangagaciro ziswe izo “gukunda igihugu”.
Aya mahugurwa yabereye mu Ishuri rya Polisi rya Pabré, hafi y’umurwa mukuru Ouagadougou, mu gihe Burkina Faso iri mu ntambara ikomeye n’imitwe y’abajihadisite ikorera mu karere ka Sahel.
Iyi gahunda ntishobora kureberwa gusa nk’amahugurwa asanzwe. Iratanga ikibazo gikomeye ku ruhare rw’umunyamakuru mu gihe cy’intambara: Ese umunyamakuru akwiye kuba igikoresho cyo kurinda igihugu, cyangwa akwiye kuba ijisho ry’abaturage rireba n’ubutegetsi ubwabwo?
Gahunda yatangijwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare
Burkina Faso iyobowe na Captain Ibrahim Traoré kuva ku butegetsi bwa gisirikare bwafashe igihugu mu 2022. Kuva icyo gihe, ubutegetsi bwashyize imbaraga nyinshi muri gahunda zo gukangurira abaturage gukunda igihugu no kugira uruhare mu kukirinda.
Ibyo bikorwa byiyongereye cyane kubera umutekano muke uterwa n’ibitero by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ifitanye isano na Al-Qaeda na Islamic State.
Ku ruhande rw’ubutegetsi, ikibazo gishyirwa mu buryo bworoshye: igihugu kiri mu ntambara, bityo buri Munyaburkina akaba afite uruhare mu kukirinda.
Ni muri uwo murongo kandi hagaragara gahunda zo kwinjiza indangagaciro z’ubwenegihugu mu rubyiruko. Guverinoma yasobanuye ko zimwe muri gahunda z’abanyeshuri zigamije kubatoza amateka y’igihugu, gukunda igihugu, kubana neza, ubumwe bw’abaturage, imibanire hagati y’amatsinda ndetse n’imyumvire ya geopolitiki.
Ariko iyo gahunda igeze ku banyamakuru, ikibazo kirushaho gukomera.
Abanyamakuru bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare, bafata n’intwaro
Mu mahugurwa aheruka, abanyamakuru barenga 40 bo mu bitangazamakuru bya Leta n’ibyigenga bambitswe imyenda ya gisirikare ndetse banahabwa amahugurwa ajyanye n’imikorere y’inzego z’umutekano.
Umuyobozi w’Ishuri rya Polisi rya Pabré yasobanuye ko intego ari ugufasha abanyamakuru kumva neza ibikorwa, imikorere n’indangagaciro bigenga inzego z’umutekano n’ingabo.
Minisitiri w’Itangazamakuru akaba n’Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma, Pingdwendé Gilbert Ouédraogo, na we yagaragaye aganira n’abanyamakuru bari mu myambaro ya gisirikare.
Yababajije niba bazaba abanyamakuru bakunda igihugu kandi b’abanyamwuga, maze baramusubiza bati: “Yego.”
Ni ho havutse interuro ikomeye yatumye iyi gahunda ikomeza kuvugisha benshi: “Umunyamakuru w’umunyamwuga ariko udakunda igihugu, uwo akora iterabwoba.”
Aya magambo agaragaza neza uko ubutegetsi bwa Burkina Faso busobanura uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu gihe cy’intambara: itangazamakuru ntirikwiye gusa gutangaza amakuru, ahubwo rigomba no gufasha igihugu gutsinda urugamba rwo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ariko hari ikibazo gikomeye: Ni nde ugena niba inkuru y’umunyamakuru ari ugukorera igihugu cyangwa ari ugukora “iterabwoba”?
Umunyamakuru akwiye gukunda igihugu? Yego. Ariko gukunda igihugu ntibivuze gukorera ubutegetsi
Gukunda igihugu ubwabyo si ikibazo.
Umunyamakuru ashobora kuba umwenegihugu ukunda igihugu cye, akifuza ko abaturage babaho mu mahoro, ko igihugu kirindwa abagihungabanya kandi ko ubusugire bwacyo bwubahirizwa.
Ariko umunyamakuru afite indi nshingano yihariye itamutandukanya n’umusirikare gusa, ahubwo imuha umwanya udasanzwe muri sosiyete.
Umusirikare arwanira igihugu. Umunyamakuru akora kugira ngo abaturage bamenye ukuri ku bibera mu gihugu.
Izi nshingano zombi zishobora guhurira ku ntego imwe yo kurinda abaturage, ariko uburyo zikora buratandukanye.
Umunyamakuru ashobora gutangaza amakuru afasha igihugu kurwanya iterabwoba, ariko kandi agomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kubaza ubutegetsi ibibazo bikomeye.
Agomba kandi gutangaza amakosa y’abasirikare, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abaturage, ruswa, imiyoborere mibi cyangwa amakosa y’abategetsi, igihe ibyo bintu bifitiye abaturage akamaro.
Iyo umunyamakuru atinya kubaza ikibazo kubera ko ashobora gufatwa nk’udakunda igihugu, itangazamakuru rihinduka umuyoboro w’ubutegetsi aho kuba urubuga rw’abaturage.
Umunyamakuru si umusirikare
Umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, Reporters Without Borders (RSF), umaze igihe unenga uburyo ubutegetsi bwa Burkina Faso bukoresha igitekerezo cyo “gukunda igihugu” mu rwego rw’itangazamakuru.
RSF ivuga ko kuva ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwa Ibrahim Traoré bwajyaho, abanyamakuru bo muri Burkina Faso bahuye n’igitutu gikomeye, harimo gufungwa, kubazwa, guhagarikirwa ibitangazamakuru ndetse no guhatirwa kujya mu gisirikare.
RSF yanagaragaje ko hari abanyamakuru banenga ubutegetsi bagiye bahatirwa kwinjizwa mu gisirikare, ibintu uwo muryango ufata nk’igitero ku bwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru.
Mu 2026, RSF yashyize Burkina Faso ku mwanya wa 110 mu bihugu 180 mu rutonde rw’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, ivuga ko umutekano muke n’ihungabana rya politiki byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’itangazamakuru.
Ibi ni ngombwa kubitekerezaho kuko ikibazo atari imyambaro ya gisirikare ubwayo. Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko umunyamakuru ashobora gutangira gutakaza ubwigenge bwe mu gihe ahabwa inshingano zo kuba ku ruhande rumwe mu ntambara.
Ariko Burkina Faso na yo ifite impamvu yayo
Ntabwo byaba ari ubunyamwuga guca urubanza tutarebye impamvu Burkina Faso ifata iyi nzira.
Igihugu kimaze imyaka gihanganye n’ibitero by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro byahitanye abaturage benshi, bihungabanya ubukungu kandi bituma ibice bimwe by’igihugu bigorana kugerwamo n’abanyamakuru.
Mu bihe nk’ibi, guverinoma ishobora kubona itangazamakuru nk’igice cy’urugamba rwo kurwanya propaganda y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Kandi hari ukuri kuri muri izo mpungenge: amakuru y’ibinyoma ashobora guteza akaga gakomeye mu gihe cy’intambara.
Umunyamakuru udakurikiza ukuri ashobora gutera ubwoba abaturage, gutangaza amakuru y’ibanga ashobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abasirikare n’abasivili mu kaga, cyangwa agakoreshwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu gukwirakwiza propaganda.
Ni yo mpamvu abanyamakuru bakwiye kugira amahugurwa akomeye ku mutekano, ku gukorera ahantu hari intambara, ku gusuzuma amakuru no ku kumenya propaganda.
Ariko amahugurwa y’umutekano ntasobanura ko umunyamakuru agomba kuba umusirikare.
Ese iyi gahunda ni nziza cyangwa ni mbi?
Igisubizo ntigikwiye kuba “yego” cyangwa “oya” gusa.
Igice cyayo gishobora kuba cyiza, ariko uburyo gishyirwa mu bikorwa bushobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye.
Niba abanyamakuru bigishwa:
- amateka y’igihugu;
- uko inzego z’umutekano zikora;
- uko bakorera ahantu hari intambara;
- uburyo bwo kurinda ubuzima bwabo;
- uko bamenya propaganda n’amakuru y’ibinyoma;
- uko bakorana n’abaturage mu bihe by’ibiza n’intambara;
- amategeko agenga umutekano n’uburenganzira bwa muntu;
nta kibazo gikomeye kirimo.
Ahubwo ayo mahugurwa ashobora kuba ingenzi cyane.
Ariko niba “gukunda igihugu” bisobanuye ko umunyamakuru agomba gutangaza gusa ibyo ubutegetsi bwifuza, ubwo haba habaye ikibazo gikomeye.
Niba kandi umunyamakuru ahabwa imbunda, akambara uniform kugira ngo abe igice cy’ingabo, noneho umurongo utandukanya umunyamakuru n’umurwanyi uba utangiye kuzimira.
Ibyo bishobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abanyamakuru mu kaga kurushaho, kuko abarwanyi bashobora kutongera kubabona nk’abanyamakuru badafite uruhande.
Isomo Burkina Faso ishobora guha isi
Burkina Faso ishobora kuba itanga isomo rikomeye ku bihugu byose biri mu ntambara cyangwa bihanganye n’iterabwoba.
Isomo rya mbere ni uko igihugu gikeneye abaturage bagikunda.
Isomo rya kabiri ni uko itangazamakuru rikwiye kumva ibibazo by’umutekano igihugu gihura na byo.
Ariko isomo rya gatatu, rishobora kuba ari ryo rikomeye kurusha ayandi, ni uko gukunda igihugu bidakwiye gusimbura ukuri.
Igihugu gikomeye si igihugu abaturage bose bavuga ibintu bimwe kubera gutinya ubutegetsi.
Igihugu gikomeye ni igihugu gifite abaturage bashobora kuvuga ukuri, n’ubutegetsi bushobora kwakira kunengwa igihe kunenga bigamije gukosora ibitagenda.
Ndetse no mu gihe cy’intambara, igihugu gikeneye abanyamakuru b’umwuga kurushaho, kuko amakuru yizewe aba ingenzi nk’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Umunyamakuru ni nde mu gihe cy’intambara?
Umunyamakuru ntabwo ari umwanzi w’igihugu.
Ntabwo kandi ari umuvugizi wa guverinoma.
Ntabwo ari umuvugizi w’ingabo.
Ntabwo ari umuvugizi w’umutwe witwaje intwaro.
Umunyamakuru akwiye kuba umuhamya w’ibihe, ukorera abaturage kandi agaharanira ukuri.
Mu gihe cy’intambara, inshingano ze zirushaho gukomera:
Kureba. Kubaza. Gushakisha ibimenyetso. Kugenzura amakuru. Gutandukanya ukuri n’ibinyoma. Gutanga ijwi ku batagira ijwi. No kubazwa ibyo atangaza.
Ibyo ntibivuze ko umunyamakuru agomba gutangaza amakuru yose abonye.
Umunyamakuru w’umwuga agomba kumenya ko hari amakuru ashobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abantu mu kaga. Ashobora guhisha amakuru y’ingenzi ku bikorwa bya gisirikare mu gihe kuyatangaza ako kanya byashyira abasirikare cyangwa abasivili mu kaga.
Ariko ibyo bigomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku myitwarire y’umwuga n’inyungu rusange, atari ku itegeko ryo kuvuga gusa ibyo ubutegetsi bushaka.
Uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu kubaka igihugu
Itangazamakuru rifite uruhare rukomeye mu kubaka igihugu.
Rishobora:
Kwigisha abaturage — ritanga amakuru afasha abantu gusobanukirwa igihugu n’isi.
Kurwanya amakuru y’ibinyoma — rigenzura amakuru mbere yo kuyatangaza.
Kurwanya ruswa — rikora iperereza ku ikoreshwa nabi ry’umutungo wa rubanda.
Kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu — riha ijwi abantu bahohoterwa cyangwa batagira ubushobozi bwo kwivuganira.
Guhuza abaturage n’ubutegetsi — rigeza ibibazo by’abaturage ku bayobozi.
Kugenzura ubutegetsi — rishobora kubaza abayobozi ibibazo bikomeye kandi rikerekana amakosa yabo.
Gufasha mu gihe cy’ibiza n’intambara — ritanga amakuru afasha abaturage gufata ibyemezo bibarinda.
Izo nshingano zo kugenzura ubutegetsi ni zo zituma itangazamakuru rimwe na rimwe ryitwa “ijisho rya rubanda”.
Iyo “ijisho rya rubanda” rihindutse ijisho ry’ubutegetsi
Ikibazo gikomeye kiba iyo itangazamakuru ritangiye kubona ko inshingano yaryo ari uguhora rirengera ubutegetsi, aho kurengera ukuri.
Iyo ibyo bibaye, abaturage batangira kubura amakuru yizewe.
Amakosa y’ubutegetsi aratwikirwa.
Abaturage batangira kumva ko ibintu byose bigenda neza, nyamara hari ibibazo bikomeye bihishe.
Mu gihe cy’intambara, ibi bishobora kurushaho kuba bibi kuko amakuru yizewe aba akenewe kurusha mbere.
RSF ivuga ko muri Burkina Faso “patriotic treatment” y’amakuru yatejwe imbere n’ubutegetsi bwa Captain Ibrahim Traoré yagiye ishyira igitutu ku itangazamakuru rikora journalism ishingiye ku iperereza no ku kunenga ubutegetsi.
Kandi RSF ivuga ko igitutu ku banyamakuru muri Burkina Faso cyagiye kibamo gufungwa, kubazwa, guhagarikirwa ibitangazamakuru no guhatirwa kujya mu gisirikare.
Isi ikwiye kwibaza iki?
Ikibazo Burkina Faso izaniye isi si ukumenya niba abanyamakuru bakwiye gukunda igihugu.
Bose bakwiye gukunda igihugu cyabo.
Ikibazo nyamukuru ni iki:
“Ese umunyamakuru ashobora gukunda igihugu cye, ariko agakomeza kuvuga ukuri n’iyo ukuri kunenga ubutegetsi?”
Niba igisubizo ari “yego”, igihugu kiba gifite itangazamakuru rikomeye.
Niba igisubizo ari “oya”, itangazamakuru rishobora guhinduka ishami ry’itumanaho rya Leta.
Kandi icyo gihe abaturage ntibaba bagifite umunyamakuru ubabwira uko ibintu biri; baba bafite umuntu ubasubiriramo uko ubutegetsi bwifuza ko babibona.
Umwanzuro: Igihugu gikeneye abakunda igihugu, ariko n’abanyamakuru bagomba gukomeza kuba abanyamwuga
Burkina Faso iri mu bihe bidasanzwe. Irwana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ihanganye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano kandi ubutegetsi bwifuza ko buri rwego rwa sosiyete rugira uruhare mu kurinda igihugu.
Iyo ntego yo gushaka ko abaturage bagira uruhare mu kurinda igihugu irumvikana.
Ariko hari umurongo utagomba kurengerwa:
Umunyamakuru ashobora kuba umwenegihugu ukunda igihugu, ariko ntakwiye guhinduka umusirikare kugira ngo yerekane ko agikunda.
Igihugu gikeneye abasirikare bafite intwaro.
Gikeneye abapolisi bafite inshingano zo kurinda umutekano.
Gikeneye abahanga, abaganga, abarimu n’abakozi bashinzwe inzego zitandukanye.
Ariko kandi gikeneye abanyamakuru bafite ikaramu, kamera, mikoro n’ubwigenge bwo kuvuga ukuri.
Iyo intwaro iri mu maboko y’umusirikare, inshingano yayo ni kurinda igihugu.
Iyo kamera iri mu maboko y’umunyamakuru, inshingano yayo ni kwerekana isi uko iri.
Kandi igihugu cyubakwa neza iyo gifite byombi: umutekano urinzwe n’abasirikare, n’ukuri kurindwa n’itangazamakuru ryigenga kandi ry’umwuga.
Icyo Minembwe Capital News ibona
Iyi gahunda ya Burkina Faso ikwiye kwigwaho n’ibihugu byose biri mu ntambara, cyane cyane ibihugu byo muri Afurika.
Amahugurwa y’abanyamakuru ku bijyanye n’umutekano, imikorere y’ingabo, kurwanya propaganda no gukorera ahantu hari intambara ashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane.
Ariko amahugurwa ntakwiye guhinduka uburyo bwo kubwira umunyamakuru ibyo agomba kuvuga.
Gukunda igihugu si uguhisha amakosa yacyo. Gukunda igihugu ni no kugira ubutwari bwo kuvuga amakosa yacyo kugira ngo akosorwe.
Kandi itangazamakuru ryigenga si umwanzi w’igihugu.
Iyo rikora neza, rishobora kuba umwe mu nkingi zikomeye igihugu gifite mu kurwanya ruswa, ihohoterwa, amakuru y’ibinyoma, imiyoborere mibi n’akarengane.
Burkina Faso rero iraha isi ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutekerezaho: Mu gihe igihugu kiri mu ntambara, ni he umurongo ugomba kunyuzwa hagati yo gukunda igihugu no kurinda ubwigenge bw’itangazamakuru?
Igisubizo kuri icyo kibazo gishobora kugena niba itangazamakuru ryo mu gihe cy’intambara rizaba ijwi ry’igihugu, ijwi ry’ubutegetsi, cyangwa ijwi ry’ukuri.
