Lumumba: Ifatwa Rye, Imvo n’Imvano y’Urupfu Rwahinduye Amateka ya Congo n’Afurika
Ifatwa rya Patrice Lumumba, wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo nyuma y’ubwigenge, ni imwe mu nkuru zakomeje kuvugisha benshi mu mateka ya politiki ya Afurika. Ibyabaye mu mwaka wa 1960 na 1961 byabaye ishingiro ry’ihindagurika rikomeye rya politiki muri Congo, rinagira ingaruka ku mubano mpuzamahanga mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita (Cold War).
Mu myaka ya 1950, mu gihe ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byari mu rugamba rwo kwigobotora ubukoloni, Lumumba yigaragaje nk’umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye baharaniraga ubwigenge bwa Congo yari ikolonijwe n’u Bubiligi. Yashinze ishyaka rya politiki ryitwaga Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), ryashyigikiraga ubumwe bw’igihugu no kwigenga byuzuye.
Tariki ya 30/06/1960, Congo yabonye ubwigenge bwayo. Uwo munsi wabereye i Léopoldville (ubu ni Kinshasa), Lumumba arahira nka Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere, mu gihe Joseph Kasa-Vubu yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika. Mu ijambo rye ry’amateka yavuze ku karengane n’ihohoterwa abaturage ba Congo bakorewe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ijambo ryakurikiwe n’impaka zikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Nyuma y’iminsi mike gusa habaye ubwigenge, igihugu cyahise gihura n’ibibazo bikomeye. Ingabo zari zigizwe ahanini n’Abanye-Congo bayoborwaga n’Ababiligi zarigaragambije zisaba kuzamurwa mu ntera no guhabwa ubuyobozi bwuzuye. Ibi byakurikiwe n’ikorwa ryo gutandukanya intara ya Katanga tariki ya 11/07/1960, iyobowe na Moïse Tshombe, ishyigikiwe n’inyungu z’abanyamahanga cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’iki kibazo, Lumumba yasabye ubufasha Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Loni), ariko ntiyanyurwa n’uburyo ingabo za Loni (ONUC) zitagize icyo zikora mu guhagarika Katanga. Ibyo byatumye yegera Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Burusiya (icyo gihe URSS), ibintu byafashwe n’ibihugu by’i Burengerazuba nk’ikimenyetso cyo kwegera ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti.
Tariki ya 05/09/1960, Perezida Kasa-Vubu yatangaje ko yirukanye Lumumba ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’Intebe. Lumumba na we yahise atangaza ko atacyemera ubutegetsi bwa Kasa-Vubu, bituma habaho ihangana ry’ubutegetsi hagati yabo.
Mu gihe igihugu cyari mu rujijo, tariki ya 14/09/1960, Col. Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (waje kumenyekana nka Mobutu Sese Seko) yahiritse ubutegetsi mu cyo yise “coup d’État ya gisirikare yo guhagarika politiki”. Lumumba yashyizwe mu kato, nyuma aza gutabwa muri yombi tariki ya 01/12/1960, ubwo yageragezaga kuva i Léopoldville ajya i Stanleyville (ubu ni Kisangani), aho yari afite abamushyigikiye.
Nyuma yo gufungwa no gukorerwa iyicarubozo, Lumumba yoherejwe mu Ntara ya Katanga tariki ya 17/01/1961. Uwo munsi ni na wo yiciwemo hamwe na Maurice Mpolo na Joseph Okito. Urupfu rwe rwabaye ibanga rikomeye imyaka myinshi, ndetse nyuma byemezwa ko hari uruhare rw’abayobozi bo mu Bubiligi n’inyungu z’ibihugu bikomeye muri uwo mugambi, nubwo ibisobanuro byimbitse byakomeje kugibwaho impaka n’abashakashatsi.
Urupfu rwa Lumumba rwafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’ihangana rya politiki y’Intambara y’Ubutita ku mugabane wa Afurika. Yabaye ikirangirire mu ruhando mpuzamahanga nk’intwari yaharaniye ubwigenge, ubumwe n’ubusugire bwa Afurika.
Patrice Lumumba akomeje kwibukirwa nk’umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye baharaniye ukwishyira ukizana kwa Afurika. Mu 1966, Mobutu yamugize “Intwari y’Igihugu”, ndetse amazina ye ahabwa imihanda n’ibigo bitandukanye muri Congo no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Amateka ye agaragaza uko politiki mpuzamahanga, inyungu z’ubukungu n’ihangana ry’ibihugu bikomeye bishobora kugira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ubutegetsi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere. Ifatwa n’iyicwa rye byabaye isomo rikomeye ku bayobozi ba Afurika, rikomeza kwibukirwaho nk’ikimenyetso cy’urugamba rwo kurinda ubwigenge n’agaciro k’ibihugu byabo.
