Nangaa Yasobanuye Umubano wa AFC/M23 n’u Rwanda na Uganda, Ubufatanye bw’Umutekano, Amateka n’Inyungu z’Abaturage
Mu gihe amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) akomeje gufata indi ntera, umubano wa AFC/M23 n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi—by’umwihariko u Rwanda na Uganda—ukomeje kuba ishingiro ry’impaka zikomeye ku rwego rw’igihugu n’urw’isi. Mu minsi ishize, amagambo yatangajwe n’Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Mathilde Mukantabana, ndetse n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Umuyobozi wa AFC/M23, Corneille Nangaa Yobeluo, byongereye umucyo ku miterere y’uyu mubano n’aho ushingiye.
Mu cyumweru gishize, Ambasaderi Mukantabana yagejeje ku Badepite bo muri Washington D.C. bashinzwe gukurikirana ibibera muri Afurika ibisobanuro by’uko u Rwanda rufitanye ubufatanye mu by’umutekano na AFC/M23. Yasobanuye ko ubu bufatanye bushingiye ku mpamvu zihuriyeho zirimo kurinda Abanye-Congo bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, by’umwihariko mu guhangana n’umutwe wa FDLR, wagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kandi ugikomeje guhungabanya umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ambasaderi Mukantabana yagize ati: “Urwego rw’iki kibazo n’ingaruka zacyo ku mahame y’umutekano u Rwanda rwubakiyeho ntibikwiye gufatwa nk’ibyoroshye. Ni yo mpamvu u Rwanda rukorana mu by’umutekano na AFC/M23. Ndabivuga mu mucyo kugira ngo hubakwe icyizere.”
Yakomeje ashimangira ko intego y’u Rwanda irenze gusa kurinda Abatutsi bo muri RDC, ahubwo igamije no gukumira ibitero byambukiranya umupaka byahungabanya umutekano w’igihugu, nk’uko byigeze kubaho mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990.
Aya magambo yahise afatwa na bamwe mu bayobozi ba Leta ya RDC, barimo Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma Patrick Muyaya, hamwe n’abayobozi bo mu Burundi n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko u Rwanda rwemeye ku mugaragaro gufasha AFC/M23, nyuma y’imyaka rwari rumaze ruhakana ibyo birego.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru i Goma, Corneille Nangaa Yobeluo, Umuyobozi wa AFC/M23, yahakanye ko ubufatanye bwabo n’u Rwanda bwaba busobanuye “ubufasha” mu by’intambara. Yavuze ko gufatanya bishingiye ku kuba impande zombi zihuje umupaka n’inyungu mu kubungabunga umutekano.
Yagize ati: “Ese gukorana bivuze gufasha? Oya. Ntidukorana n’u Rwanda gusa, tunakorana na Uganda. Duhuje ikibazo cy’umutekano, cyane cyane ku kibazo cya FDLR, umutwe ufite intego yo guhungabanya u Rwanda kandi unateza umutekano muke muri Congo.”
Yongeyeho ko AFC/M23 yafunze abarwanyi ba FDLR i Goma ikabashyikiriza inzego zibishinzwe, ashimangira ko ibyo ari ubufatanye mu kurengera abaturage.
Mu rwego rw’amateka, AFC/M23 ni ihuriro ryavutse rishingiye ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro yagiye igaragaza ko irwanira uburenganzira bw’amoko amwe yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, cyane cyane Abatutsi bavuga ko bamaze imyaka myinshi bahohoterwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo FDLR n’indi ifitanye imikoranire n’ingabo za Leta (FARDC). Iyi mitwe imaze igihe igira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano w’akarere, bigatuma ikibazo cy’umutekano kirenga imbibi za RDC kikagira ingaruka ku bihugu bihana imbibi na yo.
Mu mwaka ushize, AFC/M23 yafashe Umujyi wa Goma nyuma y’imirwano ikomeye yayihuje n’ingabo za RDC, iz’ibihugu byari mu butumwa bwa MONUSCO birimo Afurika y’Epfo, Tanzania na Malawi, ndetse n’imitwe ya Wazalendo. Nyuma y’ibyumweru bike, yafashe n’Umujyi wa Bukavu muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ibi byatumye imipaka nka Grande Barrière, Petite Barrière, Rusizi na Bugarama ikomeza gukoreshwa n’abaturage n’abacuruzi bambukiranya imipaka bava mu Rwanda no mu bice bigenzurwa na AFC/M23.
AFC/M23 ivuga ko ubu bufatanye mu kubungabunga umutekano ku mipaka ari ngombwa, kuko buri munsi hari abantu barenga ibihumbi 40 bambuka imipaka bagiye mu bucuruzi, mu kazi no mu bindi bikorwa by’ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Nangaa yagize ati: “Ku mipaka yose hari inzego zacu n’iz’u Rwanda zishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka. Ibyo ni ugukorana, si ugufashanya mu ntambara.”
Si u Rwanda gusa ruvugwaho ubu bufatanye. Nangaa yemeje ko AFC/M23 inakorana na Uganda ku mipaka ya Bunagana na Ishasha, hagamijwe korohereza ubucuruzi n’ingendo zihuza Kampala na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Yashimangiye ko gufatanya n’u Rwanda cyangwa Uganda bidakwiye gusobanurwa nk’inkunga ya gisirikare, ahubwo nk’imikoranire ishingiye ku nyungu z’abaturage n’umutekano w’akarere.
AFC/M23 yanasobanuye ko mu gihe hari umuturage ukoreye icyaha mu bice igenzura agahungira mu Rwanda, adashyikirizwa i Kinshasa, ahubwo akoherezwa mu nzego z’aho yaturutse kugira ngo akurikiranwe. Iri huriro risoza ribaza impamvu abashinja u Rwanda kurifasha batirengagiza uruhare rwa Uganda mu mikoranire nk’iyo, nyamara intego ivugwa ikaba imwe: umutekano n’ituze by’abaturage.
Muri rusange, aya makuru agaragaza ishusho igoye y’umutekano wo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho ubufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka buvugwaho byinshi, ariko na none bukagaragazwa n’ababugizemo uruhare nk’inkingi y’ingenzi mu kurinda abaturage no gukomeza ubuzima bw’ubukungu bw’akarere.