RDC: Impaka, Ibyahishuwe n’Inzira y’Ubwigenge bw’Umutekano mu Burasirazuba
Icyemezo cy’Inama y’Umutekano ya Loni cyafashwe tariki ya 19/12/2025 cyongereye manda y’Ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zishinzwe kugarura amahoro muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) kugeza tariki ya 20/12/2026. Icyo cyemezo cyafashwe n’akanama gashinzwe kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano ku isi mu Muryango w’Abibumbye cyakomeje guteza impaka ndende mu gihugu no mu karere, aho bamwe bakibona nk’igikorwa kirengera inyungu z’amahanga kurusha iz’Abanye-Congo.
MONUSCO yatangiye inshingano zayo muri RDC mu 2010, isimbuye MONUC yari yarashyizweho mu 1999 nyuma y’intambara za mbere n’iza kabiri za Congo. Inshingano zayo zari ugufasha kugarura umutekano, kurinda abasivili, gushyigikira ivugururwa ry’inzego z’umutekano no gufasha gahunda yo kwambura intwaro no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwanyi (DDR).
Mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 15, MONUSCO yakomeje kunengwa kuba itarabashije guca intege imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 250 ikorera cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ibi byatumye abaturage benshi bayibona nk’itarageze ku ntego zayo, nubwo yakomeje kongererwa manda buri mwaka.
Icyemezo cyo kongera manda ya MONUSCO gifashwe mu gihe igihugu gikomeje guhura n’umutekano muke n’imirwano hagati y’ingabo za Leta (FARDC) n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo na FDLR. Bamwe bavuga ko kongera manda bikenewe, ariko ko hakwiye gushyirwaho ingamba zifatika zo kugarura amahoro no gutegura kuva mu ntambara buhoro buhoro; mu gihe abandi babibona nk’uburyo bwo gukomeza inyungu za politiki n’iz’ubukungu z’ibihugu bikomeye.
Icyo cyemezo kandi cyibanze ku kongera imbaraga mu kurinda abasivili no gushyigikira ivugurura ry’inzego z’umutekano (SSR), aho kuguma ku bikorwa bya gisirikare bikomeye byo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Uwahoze ahagarariye Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni muri RDC, Bintou Keita, yakomeje gushyigikira gahunda yo kugabanya ibikorwa bya MONUSCO no kubishyira mu murongo wo kurinda abasivili no gufasha inzego za Leta. Icyakora, hari abamushinje ko politiki ye yatumye misiyo icika intege mu guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Nubwo hari amakuru yavugaga ko yeguye kubera impaka zishingiye kuri manda nshya, nta tangazo ryigeze risohoka rihamya ko icyo cyemezo ari cyo cyabiteye. Icyakora, impinduka mu buyobozi no mu mikorere ya MONUSCO zakomeje kugaragaza igitutu gikomeye cyari kuri iyi misiyo.
Mu bice bimwe byiswe “ibyabohowe”, umutwe wa AFC/M23 wakomeje gukorera mu bwigenge, mu gihe FARDC n’abarwanyi b’imitwe ya Wazalendo batigeze batangaza ku mugaragaro uko babona kongera manda ya MONUSCO.
Ku ruhande rwa MRDP-Twirwaneho, Gen. Sematama yatangaje ko ashimishijwe no kongera manda ya MONUSCO, yizeye ko izagira uruhare rufatika mu kugarura amahoro. Yongeyeho ko nibitazatanga umusaruro, batazemera ko abaturage babo bakomeza kubaho mu bukene no mu bwicanyi, ashimangira ko bazaharanira kurinda abaturage babo uko byagenda kose.
Ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC bifitanye isano n’amateka y’intambara zo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, harimo ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, yasize imitwe nka FDLR mu mashyamba ya Congo. Uruhare rw’ibihugu by’abaturanyi, birimo u Burundi na Tanzania, rukomeje kuvugwaho mu birebana n’umutekano n’imikoranire ya gisirikare, nubwo ibyo birego bidahora byemezwa ku mugaragaro.
Kongera manda ya MONUSCO kugeza mu mpera za 2026 byongeye kugaragaza uburemere bw’ikibazo cy’umutekano muri RDC. Mu gihe bamwe babona misiyo ya Loni nk’ingenzi mu kurinda abasivili no gufasha inzego za Leta, abandi bayishinja kudasohoza inshingano zayo no kudaca intege imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Icyo benshi bahurizaho ni uko amahoro arambye azagerwaho ari uko habayeho imikoranire ihamye hagati ya Leta ya RDC, abaturage, imitwe yemeye gushyira hasi intwaro, ndetse n’umuryango mpuzamahanga, mu mucyo no mu nyungu rusange z’Abanye-Congo.
