Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo: Igicumbi gishya cya Copper ku isi mu mpinduramatwara y’ubushyamirane hagati y’u Bushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Mu gihe isi yinjira mu cyiciro gishya cy’ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, ingufu zisubira ndetse n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) irushaho kugaragara nk’igihugu gifite amahirwe adasanzwe yo guhinduka igihangange ku isoko rya copper ku isi.
Uyu mutungo kamere, usanzwe ari ingenzi cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y’ingufu, bateri n’imodoka zigezweho, wagaragaje ko ari “zahabu nshya” y’ikinyejana cya 21.
Mu bihe bishya, RDC iri mu biganiro bikomeye n’amasosiyete akomeye yo mu Bushinwa, harimo China Railway Group Ltd (CREC), hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga munini ushobora guhindura isura y’ubucukuzi bwa copper ku isi.
Nk’uko amakuru atandukanye ava mu nzego z’ubukungu abigaragaza, ibiganiro hagati ya CREC na Guverinoma ya Congo binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro, byibanze ku mushinga ushobora gutanga hagati ya toni 200,000 na 500,000 za copper buri mwaka.
Iyo mibare si mito na gato. Ishobora gushyira RDC mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi bitanga copper nyinshi, bityo ikongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’ibihugu bisanzwe bifite ijambo rikomeye muri urwo rwego nka Chile, Peru na Australia.
Abasesenguzi b’ubukungu bavuga ko uyu mushinga ushobora kuba umwe mu mishinga minini ya mining ku isi mu gihe cy’imyaka iri imbere, cyane cyane bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere Congo ifite utarakorwaho uko bikwiye.
Ikindi kintu gikomeye muri uyu mushinga ni uko udateganyijwe kwibanda gusa mu gace ka Katanga, kazwi nk’umutima w’ubucukuzi bwa copper muri Congo.
Ahubwo, ibikorwa biteganyijwe kwaguka bigere no mu Ntara ya Kasai-Oriental, ahazwi cyane kubera ubucukuzi bwa diyama.
Ibi bishobora guhindura cyane ubukungu bw’ako karere mu buryo bukurikira:
Kwiyongera kw’imihanda n’ibikorwa remezo
Gushingwa kw’inganda nshya
Guhangwa kw’imirimo ku bantu benshi
Kwaguka kw’imijyi mito igahinduka ibigo by’ubucukuzi
Ariko nanone, hari abasesenguzi bagaragaza impungenge ku bijyanye n’uko inyungu z’ayo mabuye zizagabanwa hagati ya Leta, abaturage n’amasosiyete y’amahanga.
U Bushinwa si ubwa none mu bukungu bwa RDC. Bwamaze igihe kinini bufite ijambo rikomeye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro binyuze mu mishinga itandukanye, cyane cyane Sicomines—umushinga uzwi cyane wagiye uhuza amasezerano yo guhana amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikorwa remezo.
Mu rwego rwa politiki mpuzamahanga, U Bushinwa bukomeje kwagura gahunda ya Belt and Road Initiative, bushaka kugera ku mutungo kamere w’ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, RDC ikaba imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi muri iyo gahunda.
Ibi bituma bamwe bibaza niba Congo iri mu nzira yo kwigwizaho inyungu cyangwa niba iri kongera kwinjira mu masezerano adahwitse ashobora gutuma umutungo wayo ugenzurwa n’abandi.
Mu gihe U Bushinwa bukomeje gushora imari muri Congo, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nazo ntiziratererana uru rugamba.
Mu mezi ashize, Washington yashyize umukono ku masezerano n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi agamije kongera ubufatanye mu rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane cyane ayifashishwa mu ikoranabuhanga n’ingufu zisubira.
Amerika ibona RDC nk’igihugu gifite amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye ashobora kuyifasha kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku Bushinwa mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane mu gukora bateri za EV (electric vehicles) n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare n’itumanaho.
Ibi byatumye Congo ihinduka ahantu h’urugamba rwa dipolomasi y’ubukungu hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi.
Copper ni kimwe mu byuma by’ingenzi cyane muri iki gihe cy’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.
Ikoreshwa mu:
Modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi
Imirasire y’izuba (solar panels)
Bateri zigezweho
Imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ku isi hose
Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rihambaye
Uko isi igenda ireka peteroli igana ku ngufu zisukuye, ni ko copper irushaho kugira agaciro kanini kurusha mbere.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, umusaruro wa copper muri RDC wagiye wiyongera ku muvuduko ushimishije, aho bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko ushobora kuba wikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu ugereranyije n’imyaka ishize.
Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yagaragaje icyerekezo cyo guhindura RDC igihugu kitagarukira gusa ku gutanga amabuye y’agaciro, ahubwo kigahinduka igicumbi cy’inganda n’iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, hakomeje kugaragara ibibazo bikomeye:
Uburiganya mu masezerano y’ubucukuzi
Kutagaragaza inyungu zifatika ku baturage
Ivangura ry’inyungu hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye
Ingaruka ku bidukikije n’imibereho y’abaturage batuye hafi y’ibirombe
RDC iri mu mwanya udasanzwe ku isi: ifite umutungo kamere ushobora kuyihindura igihangange, ariko nanone ifite ikibazo cy’uko uwo mutungo ucungwa n’amasosiyete n’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi.
Intambara hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa muri Congo si intambara y’amasasu, ahubwo ni intambara y’ishoramari, amasezerano, dipolomasi n’ubugenzuzi bw’umutungo kamere.
Ikibazo gikomeye gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki:
Ese RDC izashobora guhindura ubutunzi bwayo kamere mu iterambere rirambye ry’abaturage bayo, cyangwa izakomeza kuba ikibuga cy’amasiganwa y’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi?