U Rwanda n’u Bubiligi byasubukuye umubano nyuma y’amezi 18: Impamvu zawuhagaritse n’ibikomeje kubatandukanya ku ntambara ya RDC

MINEMBWE CAPITAL NEWS (MCN)

U Rwanda n’u Bubiligi byasubukuye ku mugaragaro umubano w’ibihugu byombi wari umaze hafi umwaka n’igice uhagaritswe, ariko impande zombi ziracyafite ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku kibazo cy’umutekano n’intambara ikomeje mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).

Ku itariki ya 22/09/2026, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga w’u Rwanda, Amb. Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe, na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Bubiligi, Maxime Prévot, batangaje ko ibihugu byombi byemeranyije kongera gushyiraho umubano wa dipolomasi.

Iki cyemezo cyaje nyuma y’uruhererekane rw’ibiganiro n’imibonano itari iy’itangazamakuru hagati y’abaminisitiri bombi mu mezi ashize. Ibihugu byombi byashimiye na Qatar uruhare yagize mu koroshya ibiganiro, by’umwihariko inama ya mbere hagati y’abaminisitiri bombi yabereye i Doha mu kwezi kwa Munani 2025.

Impamvu u Rwanda rwahagaritse umubano n’u Bubiligi

Umubano wa Kigali na Bruxelles wazambye cyane mu gihe intambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC yari ikomeje gufata intera.

Ku itariki ya 17/03/2025, u Rwanda rwamenyesheje u Bubiligi ko ruhagaritse umubano wa dipolomasi, runasaba abadipolomate b’u Bubiligi kuva ku butaka bw’u Rwanda mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48.

Kigali yavuze ko yafashe icyo cyemezo kubera ko yabonaga u Bubiligi nk’igihugu cyari gifashe uruhande mu makimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, ndetse ikavuga ko Bruxelles yakomeje gushyira igitutu ku Rwanda no kurukorera ubuvugizi mu mahuriro mpuzamahanga.

Mu itangazo ry’u Rwanda icyo gihe, Kigali yanashinje u Bubiligi gukoresha ikibazo cya RDC mu buryo bwangiza inyungu z’u Rwanda, ndetse ivuga ko Bruxelles yari ikomeje imyitwarire Kigali yasobanuye nk’iyivanga mu bibazo by’Akarere.

U Bubiligi bwo bwamaganye icyo cyemezo, buvuga ko ari igikorwa kidakwiye kandi ko kutumvikana ku bibazo bya politiki bitagomba gutuma inzira z’ibiganiro zifungwa.

Muri icyo gihe, u Bubiligi bwari bumaze gushyigikira ibyemezo n’ibihano byafatiwe bamwe mu bayobozi n’abafatanyabikorwa b’u Rwanda bifitanye isano n’intambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye umwuka wa dipolomasi hagati ya Kigali na Bruxelles urushaho kuzamba.

Impaka zikomeye: RDC, M23, FDLR na Wazalendo

Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bikomeje gutandukanya u Rwanda n’u Bubiligi ni uburyo intambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC isobanurwa n’impande zombi.

U Rwanda ruvuga ko ikibazo cy’umutekano warwo kidashobora gutandukanywa n’ikorwa rya FDLR, umutwe w’Abahutu ukorera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kandi ufite inkomoko mu mitwe y’abasirikare n’abitwaje intwaro bafite uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994.

Ni ngombwa gutandukanya iki kintu n’imibare y’abishwe muri Jenoside: Loni ivuga ko abantu barenga miliyoni bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu gihe cy’iminsi ijana. FDLR yashinzwe nyuma ya Jenoside, raporo mpuzamahanga ziyihuza n’abantu n’imiyoborere y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro yagize uruhare muri Jenoside.

Kigali ivuga ko kuba FDLR ikomeje gukorera ku butaka bwa RDC, kandi ikagira imikoranire n’inzego zimwe z’umutekano za RDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ari ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano w’u Rwanda.

Izi mpungenge ntabwo zishingiye gusa ku bivugwa na Kigali. Raporo z’Itsinda ry’Impuguke za Loni kuri RDC zagiye zigaragaza ko FDLR yagize uruhare mu mirwano iri ku ruhande rwa FARDC, Wazalendo ndetse n’ingabo z’u Burundi.

Raporo ya Loni yasohotse mu 2025 yavuze ko FDLR yari ikiri “umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi” wa FARDC, ndetse ko abarwanyi ba FDLR bagiye bagaragara ku mirongo y’urugamba bari kumwe na FARDC, VDP/Wazalendo cyangwa FDNB. Iyo raporo kandi yavuze ko FDLR yahawe ibikoresho bya gisirikare binyuze muri FARDC.

Raporo ya Loni yo mu 2024 na yo yagaragaje ko Guverinoma ya RDC yakomeje gukoresha Wazalendo na FDLR nk’abafatanyabikorwa mu mirwano yo kurwanya M23 na MRDP-Twirwaneho, ndetse ko amabwiriza yari yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bwa FARDC yo guhagarika imikoranire na FDLR atari yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye.

Ibi ni byo Kigali ishingiraho ivuga ko ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kidakwiye kureberwa gusa ku ruhande rw’uruhare rushinjwa u Rwanda.

U Burundi na bwo bwagaragaye mu mirwano

Ikindi kintu cyagaragajwe muri raporo za Loni ni uruhare rw’Ingabo z’u Burundi (FDNB) mu bikorwa bya gisirikare mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Raporo y’Itsinda ry’Impuguke za Loni yagaragaje ko FARDC yari ifatanyije na Wazalendo, FDLR ndetse n’ingabo z’u Burundi mu mirwano yo kurwanya M23 na MRDP-Twirwaneho.

Ibi byatumye ikibazo cy’intambara ya RDC kirenga imipaka y’igihugu kimwe, gihinduka ikibazo cy’umutekano w’Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

U Bubiligi buvuga ko budahinduye uruhande

Nyuma yo gusubukura umubano, Minisitiri Maxime Prévot yavuze ko gusubukura umubano na Kigali bitasobanuye ko u Bubiligi bwahinduye imyifatire yabwo ku kibazo cya RDC.

Yavuze ko u Bubiligi buzakomeza gushyigikira ubusugire n’ubwigenge bwa RDC, kandi ko buzakomeza gusaba impande zose kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje mu nzira z’ibiganiro bya Doha na Washington.

Prévot kandi yavuze ko gusubukura umubano bitagamije guhindura imyanya ya politiki y’u Bubiligi, ahubwo ko bigamije kongera kubaka inzira zinoze za dipolomasi kugira ngo ibihugu byombi bishobore kuganira n’igihe bidahuza ku ngingo runaka.

Ibi bigaragaza ko ikibazo cya RDC kitakemutse hagati ya Kigali na Bruxelles, ahubwo ko impande zombi zemeranyije ko kutumvikana bigomba kujya gukemurwa binyuze mu biganiro aho gufunga imiyoboro ya dipolomasi.

U Rwanda rushyira imbere iki?

Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, Minisitiri Olivier Nduhungirehe yashimangiye ko mu gushaka amahoro arambye mu Karere, hakenewe kubahiriza ubusugire bw’ibihugu, gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR no gukemura amakimbirane hagati ya Guverinoma ya RDC n’ihuriro rya AFC/M23, hakemurwa n’ibibazo by’ibanze byatumye amakimbirane aramba.

Kigali ikunze kuvuga ko ikibazo cy’umutekano w’u Rwanda kidashobora gutandukanywa n’uko FDLR ikomeje kuba muri RDC, ndetse ko kurandura uwo mutwe ari kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi mu kubaka umutekano urambye mu Karere.

Ku rundi ruhande, RDC n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bashinja u Rwanda gushyigikira M23, ibyo Kigali ikomeje guhakana cyangwa kubishyira mu murongo w’ikibazo cy’umutekano w’u Rwanda n’ikorwa rya FDLR.

Raporo z’Impuguke za Loni zagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uruhare rwa RDF mu bikorwa bya M23, ariko nanone zagaragaje imikoranire ya FARDC na FDLR na Wazalendo, bityo ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kikaba gikubiyemo uruhare rw’abakinnyi benshi bo mu gihugu no mu Karere.

Ni iki kigiye gukorwa nyuma yo gusubukura umubano?

U Rwanda n’u Bubiligi byemeranyije ko za Ambasade z’ibihugu byombi zizongera gufungurwa mu gihe cya vuba.

Mu ntangiriro, izo Ambasade zizayoborwa n’abahagarariye ibihugu by’agateganyo (chargés d’affaires ad interim), bafashijwe n’umudipolomate cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe konsula hamwe n’itsinda rito ry’abakozi ba tekiniki.

Nyuma yaho, ibihugu byombi bizatangira inzira yo kwemeza no kohereza ba Ambasaderi. Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi azanahagararira u Rwanda mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.

Byongeye kandi, Kigali na Bruxelles byemeranyije gukomeza ibiganiro bihoraho, byeruye kandi biboneye, harimo no kuganira ku ngingo zikomeje kubatandukanya.

Ibihugu byombi byashyize imbere amahame mashya agomba kuyobora umubano wabyo, arimo:

• kutivanga mu bibazo by’imbere mu kindi gihugu;
• kubahana;
• gukomeza ibiganiro nubwo hari ibyo batumvikanaho;
• gukorera hamwe mu buryo bwubaka;
• no gukomeza ubufatanye bufitiye abaturage b’ibihugu byombi akamaro.

U Bubiligi kandi bwatangaje ko bushaka gukoresha ubunararibonye bufite mu Karere mu gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubuhuza no gushishikariza impande zose kubahiriza ibyo ziyemeje mu nzira za Doha na Washington.

Umubano wagarutse, ariko impaka kuri RDC ziracyahari

Gusubukura umubano wa dipolomasi hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Bubiligi ni intambwe nshya nyuma y’amezi 18 y’amakimbirane akomeye hagati y’ibihugu byombi.

Ariko uyu mubano mushya ntusobanura ko Kigali na Bruxelles byamaze kumvikana ku ntambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC.

Ahubwo, icyahindutse ni uko impande zombi zongeye kugira imiyoboro ya dipolomasi ishobora kubafasha kuganira ku byo batumvikanaho, mu gihe buri ruhande rukomeje guhagararira imyanya yarwo ku kibazo cy’umutekano w’Akarere.

Ku Rwanda, umutekano warwo no kurandura FDLR ni ibintu by’ibanze mu gushaka amahoro arambye. Ku Bubiligi, ubusugire bwa RDC no kubahiriza inzira z’amahoro za Doha na Washington ni bimwe mu byo bushimangira.

Bityo, ikibazo gikomeye kizakomeza kuba ukureba niba izo nzira nshya z’ibiganiro zizafasha Kigali na Bruxelles kwegera ku ngingo zibatandukanya, mu gihe inzira z’amahoro zireba RDC n’u Rwanda na zo zikomeje.

MINEMBWE CAPITAL NEWS (MCN)