Umwaka Urashize AFC/M23/MRDP-Twirwaneho Ifashe Bukavu: Uko Byagenze mu Ifatwa Ryayo n’Impinduka Zakurikiyeho
Tariki ya 16/02/2025 ni bwo umutwe wa AFC/M23 wafashe ku mugaragaro Umujyi wa Bukavu, umurwa mukuru w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC). Icyo gikorwa cyabaye impinduka ikomeye mu ntambara imaze imyaka myinshi mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, by’umwihariko mu ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Ni mu gihe abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu bari bamaze imyaka myinshi bicwa, by’umwihariko Abatutsi bazira uko basa. Nyuma y’uko AFC/M23 ihafashe, bamwe bavuga ko umutekano wiyongereye; hari n’abari bahungiye mu mahanga batangiye kugaruka no kwisanga iwabo, bavuga ko bongeye kwiyumva ku butaka bwa RDC.
Ibibazo by’umutekano muke muri aka gace bifite imizi mu ntambara zo mu Rwanda zatangiye mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1990, zakurikiwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994. Nyuma y’iyo Jenoside, abarwanyi ba FDLR n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ya Mai-Mai bagiye mu mashyamba ya Congo, bituma aka karere kaba indiri y’imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro ihora ihigira Abatutsi,kubarimbura cyangwa kubirukana ku butaka bwa RDC.
Umutwe wa M23 wagaragaye bwa mbere mu 2012, uvuga ko uharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda, cyane cyane Abanyamulenge n’Abatutsi bo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Nyuma yo gutsindwa no gusinyana amasezerano n’ubutegetsi bwa Congo mu 2013, M23 yongeye kubura mu 2021, ivuga ko amasezerano atubahirijwe.
Umutwe wa M23 n’uwa MRDP-Twirwaneho byaje kujya mu ihuriro rya AFC/M23 mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2023, ari na bwo iri huriro ryaguye ibikorwa byaryo, rifata ibice byinshi by’ingenzi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru mbere yo kwerekeza no muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, aho ryaje gufata Bukavu ku mugaragaro tariki ya 16/02/2025.
Ifatwa rya Bukavu ryabaye nyuma y’imirwano ikomeye hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo (FARDC), zafatanyaga n’imitwe irimo Wazalendo n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ishyigikiwe na Leta, harimo FDLR ndetse n’ingabo z’u Burundi. Mu gihe gito, imirwano yakajije umurego ku nkengero z’umujyi, bituma igice kinini cy’abaturage bahunga.
Nyuma yo kwinjira mu mujyi, AFC/M23 yatangaje ko igamije “kuzana umutekano, kurandura ruswa no kugarura ubuyobozi buboneye,” mu gihe Leta ya Congo yamaganye icyo gikorwa ivuga ko ari ubugizi bwa nabi bukorerwa ku butaka bwayo.
Kuva Bukavu yafatwa, bamwe mu bayituye bavuga ko babonye impinduka, aho AFC/M23/MRDP-Twirwaneho yashyizeho ubuyobozi butarya ruswa, budahohotera abaturage kandi bwita ku isuku y’umujyi, mu gihe mbere hakundaga kugaragara umwanda mwinshi. Amashuri n’amavuriro byongeye gufungurwa, nubwo imiryango mpuzamahanga itanga ubufasha yakomeje gusaba impande zose guhagarika imirwano no gushyira imbere ibiganiro bya politiki byatanga umuti urambye.
Ku ruhande rwa Leta ya Congo, ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakomeje mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, hagamijwe kugarura ubusugire bw’igihugu. Ibiganiro byahujwe n’ibihugu byo mu karere, birimo Angola na EAC, byagiye biba ariko ntibiratanga umusaruro uhamye.
Abenshi babikurikiranira hafi bagaragaza ko ikibazo cya Bukavu n’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kidashobora gukemurwa n’imbaraga za gisirikare gusa, ahubwo gisaba ibiganiro byimbitse byita ku mpamvu-muzi z’amakimbirane, zirimo uburenganzira ku butaka, ubwenegihugu, imiyoborere mibi n’inyungu z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Umwaka umwe nyuma y’ifatwa rya Bukavu, icyizere cy’abaturage gishingiye ku kubona igisubizo cya politiki cyemerwa na bose. Mu gihe Uburasirazuba bwa Congo bugikomeje kubamo imirwano, isomo rikomeye rikomeje kugaragara ni uko amahoro arambye ashingiye ku gukemura ikibazo mu mizi yacyo.
