Uruhare rw’Ijambo mu Byaha Ndengakamere: Isomo Rikomeye rituruka ku Mateka n’Icyitonderwa ku Mvugo za Politiki muri RDC
Tariki ya 03/12/2003, Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), rwari rufite icyicaro i Arusha muri Tanzaniya, rwatangaje umwanzuro w’ingenzi cyane mu mateka y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga, ugaragaza neza uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu byaha ndengakamere.
Muri uwo mwanzuro, urukiko rwakatiye Ferdinand Nahimana na Hassan Ngeze igifungo cya burundu, naho Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza akatirwa imyaka 35 y’igifungo. Ibi byashimangiye ihame rikomeye rigaragaza ko ijambo rishobora kuba icyaha, iyo rikoreshwa mu gukangurira abantu urwango, ivangura cyangwa ubwicanyi.
Uru rubanza rwagaragaje ko itangazamakuru ritari igikoresho cyoroheje cyo gutangaza amakuru gusa, ahubwo rishobora guhinduka igikoresho gikomeye cy’isenyuka ry’umuryango iyo rikoreshwa nabi. Radiyo RTLM hamwe n’ibinyamakuru byari byuzuyemo ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ntibyabaye abatangabuhamya gusa ku byabaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ahubwo byagize uruhare mu kuyitegura, mu kuyishyigikira no mu kuyikangurira abaturage.
Mu gutandukanya abantu, kubita amazina abatesha agaciro no kubagaragaza nk’abanzi bagomba kurandurwa, izi nzego z’itangazamakuru zateguye imitima y’abantu kwemera ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi ndengakamere.
Ibi byatumye ubutabera mpuzamahanga bushyiraho ihame rikomeye: iyo ijambo rihindutse igikoresho cyo gukangurira urwango cyangwa urugomo ku mugaragaro, riva mu rwego rw’ikosa risanzwe rikajya mu rwego rw’icyaha mpuzamahanga.
Aya mateka agaragaza ko ibyaha ndengakamere bitakorwa n’abafata intwaro gusa. Hari n’ababitegura mu magambo: abatekereza, abashishikariza, abatanga ubutumwa n’abakoresha itangazamakuru mu gukwirakwiza urwango.
Abo bose bashobora kubazwa imbere y’amategeko mpuzamahanga, kuko amagambo yabo agira uruhare mu gutegura no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubugome.
Iyo urebye uko amateka yagenze, hari impamvu ituma abasesenguzi benshi bahangayikishwa n’imvugo zimwe na zimwe zigaragara mu buzima bwa politiki n’itangazamakuru muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Bamwe mu bayobozi, barimo Minisitiri w’Itumanaho akaba n’umuvugizi wa Leta, Patrick Muyaya, bashinjwa n’abasesenguzi gukoresha imvugo ziganisha ku kwerekana amatsinda amwe nk’ateye inkeke, ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho gukomera kw’amacakubiri mu baturage.
Byongeye, igitangazamakuru cya Leta, RTNC, kivugwaho kuba rimwe na rimwe cyemerera ibiganiro n’imvugo ziremereye zishobora gukurura urwango, aho bamwe mu banyamakuru cyangwa abasirikare bakoresha amagambo akakaye adakurikiranwa uko bikwiye.
Urugero rutangwa n’abakurikirana ibi ni amagambo yavuzwe n’umunyamakuru Yves Abdallah, ndetse n’imvugo z’umuvugizi w’ingabo za FARDC, Gen. Sylvain Ekenge, zafashwe nk’izikomeye cyane ku matsinda amwe y’abaturage, cyane cyane Abatutsi b’Abanyekongo.
Hari kandi abanyapolitiki nka Justin Bitakwira, uzwiho imvugo zidakunze guhuza abantu, bamwe bavuga ko zishobora kongera umwuka mubi mu gihugu.
Nubwo bidakwiye guca urubanza rushingiye ku marangamutima, amateka atwigisha ko kwirengagiza ibimenyetso by’imvugo z’urwango bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyane.
Iyo ijambo ritangiye:
- gushyira abantu mu byiciro,
- kubatesha agaciro,
- cyangwa kuberekana nk’abanzi,
riba ritangiye kurenga umurongo ushobora gutuma ibintu bigera ku rwego rukomeye kandi rutagishobora gusubizwa inyuma.
Ubutabera mpuzamahanga buracyahari: ntawe uri hejuru y’amategeko
Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (CPI/ICC) rufite inshingano zo gukurikirana ibyaha bikomeye, harimo n’ibikozwe hakoreshejwe amagambo, igihe bigaragaye ko:
- byakozwe ku bushake,
- byatangajwe ku mugaragaro,
- kandi byakwirakwijwe mu buryo bufatika.
Ibi bisobanura ko abakwiza urwango bashobora kuzisanga imbere y’ubutabera, nk’uko byagendekeye abari inyuma ya RTLM.
Ijambo si umwuka gusa, ni imbaraga zishobora kubaka cyangwa gusenya
Amateka yerekana ko mbere y’uko amaraso ameneka, habanza gukoreshwa amagambo. Intwaro zica imibiri, ariko amagambo ni yo ategura imitima.
Iyo abayobozi n’itangazamakuru baretse inshingano yo kubaka ubumwe, bagakoresha imvugo zisenya, baba binjiye mu murongo ushobora kubakururira kubazwa n’amategeko ndetse n’amateka.
Ni yo mpamvu, mu bihe nk’ibi, ijambo rikwiye gukoreshwa nk’igikoresho cyo kubaka amahoro, aho kuba intandaro y’amacakubiri n’urwango.
