Byinshi wa menya ku nkomoko y’amakimbirane ya Israel na Palestine
Ikibazo cya Israel na Palestine gifatwa nka kimwe mu bibazo bimaze igihe kirekire, kandi kikaba ari nacyo ntandaro z’intambara zagiye ziyogoza u Burasirazuba bwo hagati mu myaka myinshi itandukanye.
Iyo iki kibazo kiganirwaho, hari ingingo ikunze kwibazwaho, hagati y’Abayahudi n’Abarabu. Ibyibazwaho n’ibi: “ni bande babanje gutura ku butaka uyu munsi bufatwa nka Israel na Palestine?”
N’abagerageje gusubiza iki kibazo babona ibisubizo bitandukanye, bitewe n’amateka y’aho baherereye. Ariko amateka yo agaragaza ko Abayahudi ari bo babaye muri aka gace ko mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati mu myaka irenga 3000 ishize.
Kuko ubwami bw’Abayuda buvugwa muri Bibiliya bwabarizwaga ku butaka uyu munsi buzwi nka Israel na Palestine. Abayahudi ni bo bagize itsinda rya mbere ry’abantu bemeye gukurikira inyigisho za Yesu nyuma y’urupfu rwe n’izuka rye. Aba ni bo babaye inkomoko y’ubukristo ni cyo cyitwa urusengero rwa mbere rwa Yerusalemu.
Mu mwaka wa 70 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yesu abanyaroma bateye Yerusalemu, mu ntambara izwi nk’iya mbere y’Abayahudi n’Abanyaroma yatangiye mu 66 irangira 73.
Muri uwo mwaka wa 70 ni bwo abanyeroma babashije kwigarurira Yerusalemu yose, bica Abayahudi abandi bafatwa bugwate, harimo n’abagurishijwe nk’abacakara. Abaje kurokoka ni bo baje gutatanira hirya no hino ku isi, ahanini mu bwami bw’Abanyeroma mu Burayi no mu majyaruguru ya Afrika.
Hagataho, Abarabu tubona ubu ntabwo bari batuye muri iki gice cyo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati. Benshi babaga mu kigobe cy’Abarabu kizwi nka Arabia Peninsula haherereye mu majy’Epfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Aziya, agace kagizwe n’ubutayu. Amoko y’Abarabu yabayeho mbere bivugwa ko ari Aba-Bedouins.
Kandi Abarabu bo muri icyo gihe basengaga Imana nyinshi, Polytheism, gusa nyuma y’ivuka rya Islam Abarabu barayiyoboka hafi yabose .
Muri 632 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Muhammad, ukomokwamo idini rya Islam, Abarabu bari barayobotse Islam ku bwinshi batangiye intambara zo kwagura ubutaka bwabo n’imbibi z’idini ryabo.
Bamaze kwigarurira ikigobe cyose cya Peninsula mu buryo bw’uzuye, bakurikijeho igice cya Byzantine Levant ari cyo Syiria, Liban, Jordan na Palestine by’uyumunsi.
Muri 637 aba barabu bigaruriye Yerusalemu yari isigayemo Abayahudi bake, abandi barahungiye hirya no hino.
Muri 6346 bari barabanje kwigarurira Iraq y’uyu munsi tuzi.
Mu majyaruguru ya Afrika Abarabu bayobowe na Amr ibn al-as bigaruriye Misiri, Islam igenda yagukira no mu bindi bice byo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane wa Afrika.
Nyuma kandi Abarabu bigaruriye u Burasirazuba bwo hagati, ari na bwo batangiye gushinga amami nk’ubwami bwa Abbasid, n’ubundi bwa Ottoman.
Abarabu bakomeje kororoka umubare wabo urenga kure uw’Abayahudi muri aka gace, cyane ko benshi bari barahunze nyuma yo guterwa n’Abaroma.
Mu 1900 u butaka twita Israel na Palestine bwari igice cy’ubwami bwa Ottoman cyangwa se Ottoman Empire. Cyari gituwe n’abaturage b’abakrisitu, abayisilamu ndetse n’umubare muto w’Abayahudi babanaga mu mahoro.
Abatuye aka gace batangiye kumva bidahigije kuba abaturage b’iki gihugu bo mu bwoko bw’Abarabu, batangira kwiyita Abanya-Palestine.
Ibyo byabaye mu gihe mu Bayahudi na bo batangiye kuzana “Zionism” yo kuvuga ko u Buyahudi bidakwiye kuba izina gusa, ahubwo bikwiye no kujyana no kugira igihugu bisangamo, kuko bari bamaze igihe batotezwa aho babaga bari hirya no hino ku isi.
Mu myaka ya mbere y’ikinyejana cya 20 Abayahudi babarirwa mu bihumbi bari bamaze kwimukira kuri ubu butaka bwari bugize Ottoman Empire z bavuye mu Burayi.
Intambara ya mbere y’isi yabaye kuva mu 1914 kugeza mu 1918 yasize ubwami bwa Ottoman Empire butsinzwe ndetse mu 1922 buraseswa mu buryo budasubirwaho.
U Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza byemeranyije kwigabanya ibi bice byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati.
U Bwongereza ni bwo bwatwaye igice uyu munsi kibarizwamo Israel na Palestine bacyita ‘British Palestine.’ Mu minsi ya mbere iki gihugu cyakomeje kwemerera Abayahudi ko baza gutura muri iki gice bavuye hirya no hino mu Burayi, ariko uko umubare wabo wakomezaga kuzamuka barushagaho gushyamirana n’Abarabu.
Aho hari nyuma y’aho Abayahudi bakorewe jenocide izwi nka Holocaust ndetse isi yose itangira kubashyigikira kuko yabonaga ari bwo buryo bwonyine bazabasha kubaho bafite amahoro.
Ubwo Abayahudi bari bakomeje gusaba ko bahabwa igihugu cyabo, u Bwongereza bwayoboraga Palestine bagize impungenge ko bazashamirana n’Abarabu.
Mu 1947, umuryango w’Abibumbye wafashe umwanzuro wo kugabanya iki gihugu, Abayahudi bagafata igice cyabo n’Abarabu bagatafa icyabo. Umujyi wa Yerusalemu, buri ruhande bafata nk’ahantu hatagatifu, wagumye mu cyeragati ugirwa agace gahuriweho n’amahanga.
Abayahudi bemeye iyi gahunda ndetse mu 1948 batangaza ubwigenge bw’igihugu cyabo cya Israel.
Gusa Abarabu bo babonye iyi gahunda y’umuryango w’Abibumbye nk’uburyo bw’amayeri y’Abanya-Burayi bashaka kubibira ubutaka. Iyo ni yo yabaye intandaro y’ibihugu by’abarabu byihurije hamwe byiyemeza guhangana na Israel mu ntambara yabaye mu 1948.
Yari intambara yari igamije gushyiraho igihugu kimwe cya Palestine nk’uko byahoze mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’abongereza. Ni intambara Israel byaje kurangira iyitsinze ndetse ihita ifata umwanzuro wo kurenga imipaka yari yarashyizweho n’umuryango w’Abibumbye, ifata igice kinini cya Yerusalemu n’ubundi butaka bwagombaga kuba ubwa Palestine.
Israel byaje kurangira nanone igenzura ubutaka bwose uretse Gaza yagenzurwaga na Misiri na West Bank yagenzurwaga na Jordan.
Mu 1967 Israel yongeye kwisanga mu ntambara y’iminsi itandatu n’ibihugu bya by’abarabu, na yo byarangiye iyitsinze ndetse ifata na West Bank na Gaza. Bivuze ko yahise yigarurira ubutaka bwose bwahoze buzwi nka Palestine harimo na Yerusalemu.
