Kuki Amerika Yahisemo Gufatira Ibihano FDLR Ikirengagiza Leta ya RDC Iyitera Inkunga? Impaka ku Murongo wa Washington mu Bibazo by’Umutekano wa Kivu

Mu gihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikomeje kugaragaza ko zishyigikiye amahoro n’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), icyemezo cyo gufatira ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi b’umutwe wa FDLR cyongeye gukurura impaka mu basesenguzi ba politiki n’abakurikiranira hafi ibibazo by’umutekano mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

Abakurikiranira hafi ibi bibazo bibaza impamvu Amerika yahisemo gufatira ibihano abayobozi ba FDLR, umutwe umaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri uri ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba, ariko ntigire icyo ivuga ku ruhare rwa Leta ya RDC n’igisirikare cyayo cya FARDC, bimaze igihe bishinjwa gukorana n’uyu mutwe mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.

FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda) ni umutwe washinzwe mu myaka yakurikiye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994. Uyu mutwe ugizwe ahanini n’abahoze mu ngabo za FAR n’Interahamwe bagize uruhare muri Jenoside, nyuma bahungira muri icyo gihe cyitwaga Zaire, ubu kikaba ari RDC.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, FDLR yakomeje kugaragara muri raporo zitandukanye za Loni, Amerika n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’umutwe ukora ibikorwa by’iterabwoba, ubwicanyi bwibasira abasivili, gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa, gushimuta abaturage ndetse no gukoresha abana mu mirwano.

Kubera ibyo bikorwa, Loni n’ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi byafatiye ibihano abayobozi batandukanye ba FDLR, ndetse uyu mutwe ushyirwa ku rutonde rw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibangamiye amahoro n’umutekano mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.

Vuba aha, Amerika yatangaje ibihano byafatiwe Gustave Kubwayo, uzwi ku izina rya Colonel Sirkoof, umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba FDLR ushinzwe ishami ry’abarwanyi badasanzwe (CRAP), ndetse n’iperereza ry’uyu mutwe.

Amerika yasobanuye ko FDLR ikomeje kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bihungabanya umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, birimo ubwicanyi bwibasira abaturage hashingiwe ku moko yabo, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare no guteza umutekano muke mu karere.

Muri icyo gihe kandi, Washington yanatangaje ibihano byafatiwe Col. Nzenze Imani, ushinzwe ibikorwa by’iperereza n’ibya gisirikare mu ihuriro AFC/M23, imushinja kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’umutekano biri mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.

Nubwo Amerika yashimangiye ko ibihano byayo bigamije guhana abantu bafite uruhare mu bikorwa bihungabanya umutekano, hari abavuga ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cyo kudahana impande zose zirebwa n’ayo makimbirane ku buryo bungana.

Bashimangira ko FDLR imaze igihe kirekire iri ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba, kandi ko no mu masezerano atandukanye mpuzamahanga, harimo n’ayaganiriweho i Washington hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, ikibazo cyo gusenya FDLR cyashyizwe mu by’ibanze.

Ati:

“Ntabwo wavuga ngo ufatiye ibihano FDLR na M23 ngo uba ubihuje. FDLR na AFC/M23 ntaho bihuriye. Abanyamerika ni bo bavuze ko FDLR ari umutwe w’iterabwoba, na Loni iyishyira ku rutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba. Mu masezerano ya Washington, Congo n’u Rwanda byemeranyije kuyisenya. None se, niba Amerika ifatira FDLR ibihano, kuki itanafatira ibihano umufatanyabikorwa wayo?”

Mu myaka yashize, raporo zitandukanye z’impuguke za Loni, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ibihugu byo mu karere zakomeje kuvuga ku bufatanye bwagiye bugaragara hagati ya FARDC n’imitwe irimo FDLR mu bikorwa bya gisirikare byibasiye indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera muri Kivu.

Izo raporo zagiye zigaragaza ko, mu bihe bitandukanye, habayeho ibikorwa byo gusangira amakuru y’ubutasi, guhuza ibikorwa ku rugamba ndetse n’imikoranire ya gisirikare hagati ya FARDC n’abarwanyi ba FDLR.

Ibi ni byo bituma bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko niba FDLR ifatwa nk’umutwe w’iterabwoba ugomba guhanwa, ikibazo cy’uruhare rw’abayitera inkunga cyangwa abayifashisha na cyo cyari gikwiye kwitabwaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa n’abatari bake ni impamvu ibihano bikomeje kwibanda ku bayobozi ba FDLR gusa, mu gihe Leta ya RDC n’igisirikare cyayo cya FARDC bikunze gushinjwa gukorana n’uyu mutwe.

Abasesenguzi bamwe babona ko ibi bishobora gusobanurwa n’imiterere ya dipolomasi mpuzamahanga, aho ibihugu bikunze kwirinda gufatira ibihano inzego za leta z’ibihugu bifatwa nk’abafatanyabikorwa mu rwego rwa politiki n’umutekano.

Hari kandi abavuga ko ibihugu bikomeye bikunze guhitamo guhana abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa imitwe yitwaje intwaro aho gufatira ibihano leta zose, kugira ngo bidahungabanya umubano wa dipolomasi cyangwa ibiganiro by’amahoro biri gukorwa.

Nyamara, ku bandi bakurikiranira hafi ikibazo cya Kivu, gukomeza guhana FDLR gusa, bidakurikijwe n’ingamba zikomeye zifatirwa abayifasha cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa bayo, bishobora gutuma ikibazo cy’umutekano gikomeza kuba ingorabahizi.

Mu gihe Amerika ikomeje gushimangira ko FDLR ari umutwe w’iterabwoba ugomba guhanwa no gusenywa burundu, impaka ziracyakomeje ku bijyanye n’uburyo amahanga afata ikibazo cy’imikoranire ivugwa hagati y’uyu mutwe na bamwe mu bagize inzego z’umutekano za RDC.

Ku basesenguzi benshi, ikibazo nyamukuru si uguhana FDLR gusa, ahubwo ni ukureba uruhare rw’abayifasha gukomeza kubaho no gukora ibikorwa byayo. Bemeza ko amahoro arambye mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC atagerwaho igihe cyose imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’abayishyigikiye bazakomeza kutabazwa ku buryo bungana.

Icyakora, kugeza ubu, Amerika ntiratangaza gahunda yo gufatira ibihano inzego za Leta ya RDC cyangwa igisirikare cya FARDC ku birego byo gukorana na FDLR, ibintu bikomeje guteza impaka mu banyapolitiki, abasesenguzi n’abakurikirana ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.