RDC Yaba Igana kuri Balkanisation Yuzuye? Ibikorwa bya AFC/M23 mu Burasirazuba no Kunanirwa kwa Kinshasa mu Kuganira
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
Nyuma y’uko ihuriro Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC/M23) rifashe ubuyobozi bw’imijyi minini ya Goma na Bukavu mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), imiterere y’ikibazo cya politiki n’umutekano mu gihugu yarahindutse ku buryo bugaragara.
Ihuriro rimaze igihe rihanganye na Leta ya Kinshasa ku rugamba, ariko ibikorwa byaryo mu bice rigenzura bigenda birenga imipaka y’imirwano gusa. Mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo, hagaragara imbaraga zo kongera gutunganya imiyoborere, ubukungu, uburezi, ibikorwa remezo n’izindi serivisi zirebana n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’abaturage.
Ibi byongeye kuzamura ikibazo gikomeye: Ese Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo irimo kugana ku buryo bw’ubutegetsi bubiri bukorera ku butaka bumwe, cyangwa ikibazo gishobora kuzagera ku rwego rwa “balkanisation” yuzuye?
Ku rundi ruhande, bamwe mu bakurikiranira hafi iki kibazo bavuga ko intambwe AFC/M23 imaze gutera itandukanye n’iy’umutwe witwaje intwaro usanzwe, kuko ubu ibikorwa byayo birimo no kwerekana ubushobozi bwo gucunga uturere, gutanga serivisi no gushyiraho uburyo bw’imiyoborere.
Kuva ku rugamba kugera ku miyoborere
Mu bice AFC/M23 igenzura, hagaragaye ibikorwa bigamije gukomeza imikorere y’inzego z’ubuyobozi, gucunga umutekano, gukusanya amafaranga n’imisoro, gukomeza uburezi no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo.
Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko imiyoborere y’akarere ari imwe mu nkingi zituma abaturage babona ko ubuyobozi runaka bushobora gukomeza gukora nubwo haba hari amakimbirane hagati y’ubwo buyobozi na Leta nkuru.
Iyo ubuyobozi bushoboye gucunga umutekano, ubucuruzi, imisoro, amashuri, imihanda n’izindi serivisi, abaturage bashobora gutangira kuwubona nk’ubuyobozi bufite inshingano zifatika mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Ni ho ikibazo cya AFC/M23 gitandukaniye n’imirwano isanzwe hagati y’umutwe witwaje intwaro na Leta.
Kuko uko igihe kigenda, ikibazo kiba kitakiri gusa “Ninde ugenzura aka gace?”, ahubwo kigatangira kuba “Ninde ufite ubushobozi bwo kukayobora?”
Ibikorwa abaturage bamwe bavuga ko byahinduye imibereho yabo
Mu bice bimwe AFC/M23 igenzura, ibikorwa byibanda ku gusubiza imikorere y’inzego za Leta, gufungura cyangwa gukomeza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, gusana imihanda no gukomeza serivisi z’uburezi byakiriwe mu buryo butandukanye.
Abaturage bamwe bavuga ko iyo serivisi isubijweho, ubuzima bwa buri munsi burushaho kugenda neza ugereranyije n’ibihe by’imirwano n’akajagari.
Cyakora, ibi ntibisobanura ko abaturage bose bashyigikiye AFC/M23. Mu bice bya Congo birimo intambara, imyumvire y’abaturage iratandukanye cyane kandi ikomeza guterwa n’umutekano, ubukungu, ubuyobozi ndetse n’ibibazo bya politiki.
Ariko ku ruhande rwa politiki, kuba hari abaturage bashobora kwishimira ibikorwa runaka by’ubuyobozi buri ku butaka butagenzurwa na Kinshasa ni ikimenyetso gikwiye kwitabwaho.
Ni ibintu bishobora gutuma ikibazo cya politiki gihinduka ikibazo cy’imiyoborere n’icyizere abaturage bagirira inzego zitandukanye.
Lawrence Kanyuka n’ubutumwa bwa AFC/M23
Umuvugizi wa AFC/M23, Lawrence Kanyuka, ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye bagaragara mu gusobanura ibikorwa n’imyanzuro y’ihuriro.
Mu butumwa butandukanye, Kanyuka yagiye ashimangira ko ubuyobozi bwa AFC/M23 bugomba gucunga ibice biri munsi y’ububasha bwabwo no gutanga serivisi ku baturage.
Ibi bigaragaza ko ihuriro ridashaka kugarukira ku kugenzura ubutaka mu buryo bwa gisirikare gusa, ahubwo rishaka no kugira uburyo bw’imiyoborere bushobora gukomeza gukora mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Gushyiraho abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, gucunga imisoro, gukomeza amashuri no gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa remezo ni ibikorwa bisanzwe bigirwa na Leta.
Iyo bikorwa n’ubuyobozi butandukanye na Leta nkuru, havuka ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubutegetsi bubangikanye.
Imisoro: umutungo w’imiyoborere
Kimwe mu bintu bifite uburemere ni uburyo bwo gukusanya no gucunga imisoro n’andi mafaranga ava mu bikorwa by’ubukungu.
Imisoro ni ingenzi kuko itanga ubushobozi bwo gutera inkunga imikorere y’inzego z’ubuyobozi.
Iyo ubuyobozi bushoboye gukusanya amafaranga, kuyacunga no kuyakoresha mu bikorwa by’aho butegeka, uba utangiye kubona uburyo bw’ubukungu bushobora gutuma ubwo butegetsi bukomeza gukora.
Aha ni ho ikibazo cya AFC/M23 gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Kuko niba Kinshasa ikomeje kugira inzego zayo mu bice bimwe, AFC/M23 na yo igakomeza kugira inzego zayo mu bindi bice, hakaba n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gukusanya no gukoresha umutungo, igihugu gishobora kugenda kigira imikorere y’inzego ibiri itandukanye.
Uburezi n’impamyabumenyi: indi ntambwe ifite uburemere
Uburezi ni rumwe mu nzego z’ingenzi zigaragaza imikorere y’ubuyobozi.
AFC/M23 yagaragaje ko ishaka gukomeza imikorere y’amashuri n’amashuri makuru mu bice igenzura.
Ikindi cyitabwaho ni ubushake bwo guhuza imikorere y’uburezi n’ibipimo byo mu karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, harimo n’ikibazo cy’impamyabumenyi.
Niba gahunda nk’iyi yashyirwa mu bikorwa ku buryo burambye, ishobora kugira uburemere burenze ubwa serivisi z’uburezi gusa.
Impamyabumenyi, amashuri makuru n’imikoranire y’inzego z’uburezi n’ibihugu byo hanze ni bimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana uburyo akarere runaka gashobora gutangira kugira imikoranire yihariye n’ahandi.
Imihanda n’ibikorwa remezo
Ikindi cyagaragaye ni ugushyira imbere ibikorwa remezo, cyane cyane imihanda.
Mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, aho intambara zimaze imyaka myinshi zigira ingaruka ku bikorwa remezo, umuhanda ushobora kugira akamaro karenze gutwara abantu.
Umuhanda uhuza imijyi n’uturere ushobora kongera ubucuruzi, koroshya gutwara ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ibiciro by’ingendo no gufasha abaturage kugera kuri serivisi.
Ku ruhande rwa politiki, ibikorwa nk’ibi bishobora kandi gufasha ubuyobozi bwaho kubaka icyizere mu baturage.
Ni yo mpamvu ibikorwa remezo bishobora kuba igikoresho cy’iterambere ariko nanone bikagira uburemere bwa politiki mu kwiyubakira ububasha n’icyizere cy’abaturage.
AFC/M23 yaba yubaka Leta ibangikanye n’iya Kinshasa?
Iki ni cyo kibazo kiri kugenda kirushaho kuba ingenzi.
Iyo umutwe ugenzura ubutaka runaka ugatangira kugira abayobozi, imisoro, amashuri, ibikorwa remezo n’izindi serivisi, ubuyobozi bwawo bushobora gutangira gukora nk’ubuyobozi bwa Leta mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Ni muri urwo rwego amagambo ya Jacques Djoli, umuvugizi w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, afite uburemere.
Djoli yavuze ko igihugu gishobora kuba kiri mu buryo bwa “balkanisation de facto”, ku buryo bishobora no kugera kuri “balkanisation de jure.”
“Balkanisation de facto” bisobanuye iki?
“Balkanisation” ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu gusobanura igikorwa cyo gucamo igihugu ibice cyangwa gutandukanya uturere ku buryo buri gice gitangira kugira imikorere yihariye.
“De facto” bivuga ko nubwo igihugu kigikomeza kuba kimwe mu mategeko no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, mu bikorwa hari ibice bitangiye kugenzurwa n’ubutegetsi butandukanye.
“De jure” yo yaba ari igihe iryo tandukana ryaba rimaze kwemezwa ku rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa politiki.
Rero, kuvuga ko RDC iri muri “balkanisation de facto” ntabwo bihita bisobanura ko igihugu cyatandukanye burundu. Bisobanura ko hari impungenge z’uko imikorere y’ubutegetsi itandukanye ishobora gukomera kugeza ubwo ihinduka ikibazo cya politiki kirambye.
Ese Kinshasa yirengagije amahirwe yo kuganira?
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye biri mu mizi y’iyi ntambara ni ikibazo cy’ibiganiro bya politiki.
Abanenga Leta ya Kinshasa bavuga ko yananiwe cyangwa yanze kuganira mu buryo butaziguye na AFC/M23, bityo ikibazo kigakomeza gushakirwa igisubizo ku rugamba aho gushakirwa igisubizo kuri politiki.
Iyo impande zihanganye zimaze igihe kinini zitaganira, hari ibyago ko ikibazo cy’umutekano gishobora kuvamo ikibazo cy’imiyoborere.
Aho kugira ngo ikibazo gikemurwe hakiri kare binyuze mu biganiro, intambara ishobora gutuma buri ruhande rwubaka inzego zarwo ku butaka rigenzura.
Ni muri urwo rwego kunanirwa kugera ku bwumvikane bwa politiki bishobora kuba byaragize uruhare mu gutuma imiterere y’ikibazo igera ku rwego ruriho ubu.
Ariko kandi, inshingano zo kugera ku gisubizo cya politiki ntizireba Kinshasa yonyine. AFC/M23 na yo igomba kugaragaza mu buryo busobanutse icyo ishaka kugeraho, uburyo yiteguye kugera ku bwumvikane n’uburyo ubuyobozi buri mu bice igenzura bwahuzwa n’umuti wa politiki w’ikibazo.
Ni iki AFC/M23 ishobora kuba imaze kugeraho?
Mu gihe impande zitandukanye zitanga ibisobanuro bitandukanye ku ntambara, hari ibintu bigaragara mu buryo bw’imikorere ya AFC/M23.
Ihuriro ryavuye ku kuba umutwe uhanganye na Leta ku rugamba gusa, rigera ku rwego rwo kugenzura imijyi n’uturere, gushyiraho inzego z’imiyoborere, gukusanya amafaranga, gukomeza uburezi no gushyira imbere ibikorwa remezo.
Ibi byose biha AFC/M23 ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ko ishobora gucunga ibice igenzura.
Ku baturage bamwe, cyane cyane abifuza umutekano, serivisi n’ubucuruzi bikomeza, ibikorwa nk’ibi bishobora gufatwa nk’impinduka nziza ugereranyije n’ibihe by’akajagari.
Ariko ku ruhande rwa Leta ya Kinshasa n’abayishyigikiye, iyo mikorere ishobora gufatwa nk’igikorwa cyo gusimbuza ubutegetsi bwemewe n’amategeko.
Aha ni ho ikibazo gikomeye kiri.
Imiterere y’igihugu iri mu mazi abira
Kuva AFC/M23 ifashe Goma na Bukavu, ikibazo cy’Uburasirazuba bwa Congo cyarenze kure imirwano isanzwe.
Ubu hari ikibazo cy’ubutaka, umutekano, imiyoborere, ubukungu, uburezi n’ejo hazaza ha politiki y’igihugu.
Niba imiterere y’ubuyobozi bubiri ikomeje igihe kirekire, bishobora gutuma abaturage bo mu bice bitandukanye batangira kumenyera inzego zitandukanye z’ubutegetsi.
Icyo gihe, gusubiza ibintu ku murongo umwe bishobora kurushaho kuba ingorabahizi.
Ni cyo gituma bamwe bavuga ko ikibazo cya RDC gishobora kuba kiri hafi y’icyo Jacques Djoli yise “balkanisation de facto.”
Ejo hazaza h’Uburasirazuba bwa Congo
Kugeza ubu, ntibishoboka kuvuga ko Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yamaze kugera kuri “balkanisation” yuzuye.
Ariko birashoboka kuvuga ko uburyo bw’imiyoborere ibiri bukorera ku butaka bumwe bushobora gutera impungenge zikomeye niba bukomeje igihe kirekire.
Ikibazo kizakemurwa cyane n’ibizava mu biganiro bya politiki, ubushake bwa Kinshasa bwo kuganira n’abahanganye na yo, ndetse n’uburyo AFC/M23 izitwara mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere y’ibice igenzura.
Niba ibiganiro bya politiki bitabonetse, buri ruhande rushobora gukomeza kubaka inzego zarwo.
Ibyo bishobora gutuma ikibazo cyari cyatangiye nk’intambara gihinduka ikibazo gikomeye cy’imiterere y’igihugu.
Ku bw’ibyo, ikibazo gikomeye RDC ihanganye na cyo uyu munsi si gusa ukumenya uzatsinda ku rugamba, ahubwo ni ukumenya niba igihugu kizashobora kongera kugira ubuyobozi bumwe bukora ku butaka bwacyo bwose.
Niba Kinshasa na AFC/M23 bidashoboye kubona umuti wa politiki, impungenge z’uko RDC yakomeza kugira ibice bifite imikorere itandukanye zishobora kurushaho gukomera.
Kandi uko igihe kizagenda, ni ko gusubiza igihugu ku murongo umwe bishobora kurushaho kuba ikibazo gikomeye cya politiki, umutekano n’imiyoborere.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
