Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha: Amerika Yavuze ko Izarusenya — Menya Amavu n’Amavuko Yarwo, Uko Rukora n’Ibyo Irushinja
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangaje ibihano bikomeye bigamije kubangamira imikorere y’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (CPI/ICC), irushinja gukoresha ububasha bwarwo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’inyungu za Amerika n’ubusugire bwayo. Umunyamabanga wa Leta ya Amerika, Marco Rubio, yaburiye urwo rukiko ko rushobora gukomeza gufatirwa ibindi bihano bikomeye, ndetse ko rushobora gusenywa “ibuye ku rindi” mu gihe rutahindura imikorere yarwo.
Iyi ngingo yatangajwe ku munsi w’ejo hashize, tariki ya 09/10/2026, ikaba ari indi ntambwe ikomeye mu makimbirane amaze igihe hagati ya Washington n’uru rwego mpuzamahanga rushinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha bikomeye mpuzamahanga.
Amerika yashyizeho ibihano bigamije guhagarika imikoranire na CPI
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump bwafatiye ibihano Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ubwabwo, nyuma y’uko mbere bwari bwarafatiye ibihano bamwe mu bacamanza n’abashinjacyaha barukoramo.
Marco Rubio yavuze ko izi ngamba zigamije kurinda ubusugire bwa Amerika no gukumira ibyo ubutegetsi bwayo bubona nk’ukwivanga kw’urukiko mu bibazo bireba abaturage n’abayobozi bayo.
Ibi bihano bigamije kubuza abantu n’ibigo byo muri Amerika gukorana mu by’ubucuruzi n’urwo rukiko, ndetse no kurubuza kubona serivisi z’imari n’ikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano na Amerika. Amakuru yatangajwe na Associated Press avuga ko ibigo byari bisanzwe bikorana na CPI byahawe igihe cy’amezi atandatu, ni ukuvuga iminsi 180, kugira ngo bihagarike imikoranire na rwo mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho.
Rubio yaburiye urukiko ko, nirudahindura ibyo Amerika yamaganye, izakomeza kurufatira izindi ngamba zikomeye.
Ni iki cyatumye Amerika ifata izi ngamba?
Impamvu nyamukuru Amerika yagaragaje ni uko itemera ububasha CPI ishaka gukoresha mu gukurikirana Abanyamerika, barimo abasirikare n’abayobozi ba Leta, mu gihe Amerika itari mu bihugu byemeje Amasezerano ya Roma ashyiraho urwo rukiko.
Washington imaze igihe inenga iperereza CPI yakoze ku byaha by’intambara byakekwagaho abasirikare bayo muri Afghanistan. Nanone, yarwanyije ibikorwa by’urwo rukiko bijyanye n’impapuro zo guta muri yombi abayobozi ba Israel, barimo Minisitiri w’Intebe Benjamin Netanyahu, bakekwaho kugira uruhare mu byaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu mu ntambara yo muri Gaza.
Amerika ivuga ko urukiko rutagomba kugira ububasha bwo gukurikirana abaturage bayo mu gihe igihugu kitigeze cyemera ububasha bwarwo binyuze mu masezerano yarwo.
Ku rundi ruhande, CPI ivuga ko ishobora kugira ububasha bwo gukora iperereza ku byaha bikorewe ku butaka bw’igihugu cyemeye Amasezerano ya Roma, n’iyo ukekwaho kubikora yaba ari umuturage w’igihugu kitari mu bigize ayo masezerano.
Iri tandukaniro ku busobanuro bw’ububasha bw’urukiko ni ryo riri mu nkingi z’aya makimbirane.
CPI yasubije iki ku bihano bya Amerika?
Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwamaganye ibihano bya Amerika, ruvuga ko bigamije kubangamira imikorere yarwo no gutera ubwoba abacamanza, abashinjacyaha n’abandi bantu barufasha.
Mu itangazo ryarwo ryo ku itariki ya 09/10/2026, urukiko rwavuze ko ibyo bihano byibasira urwego rw’ubutabera rwashinzwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga, rushinzwe gukora iperereza no gukurikirana abantu bakekwaho ibyaha bikomeye.
Abayobozi barwo bashimangiye ko ruzakomeza gukora mu bwigenge no kutabogama, basaba ibihugu 125 bigize urwo rukiko gukomeza kurushyigikira no kuruha ubushobozi rukenera.
Ibihugu birimo u Bwongereza, Canada, Danemark, Ubudage, u Bufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Ubuyapani n’u Buholandi na byo byagaragaje ko bidashyigikiye ibihano bya Amerika, byemeza ko bizakomeza gushyigikira urukiko n’abakozi barwo.
U Buholandi, bubarizwamo icyicaro cya CPI mu mujyi wa La Haye, bwagaragaje impungenge ko ibyo bihano bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’urukiko.
Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha ni iki, kandi rwashinzwe ryari?
Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha, ruzwi mu Cyongereza nka International Criminal Court (ICC) no mu Gifaransa nka Cour pénale internationale (CPI), ni urwego mpuzamahanga rw’ubutabera rufite inshingano zo gukurikirana abantu bakekwaho ibyaha bikomeye bihangayikishije umuryango mpuzamahanga.
Amasezerano ya Roma (Rome Statute), ari na yo shingiro ry’amategeko agenga uru rukiko, yemejwe ku itariki ya 17/10/1998, mu nama mpuzamahanga yabereye i Roma mu Butaliyani. Yatangiye gukurikizwa ku itariki ya 01/07/2002, ari na bwo urukiko rwatangiye kubaho mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.
Urwo rukiko rwashinzwe hagamijwe kurwanya umuco wo kudahana abantu bakoze ibyaha bikomeye, cyane cyane igihe inzego z’ubutabera z’ibihugu birebwa n’ibyo byaha zidashoboye cyangwa zidashaka gukora iperereza no kubakurikirana mu buryo nyabwo.
Mu bihugu 125 byari bigize uru rukiko kugeza mu kwezi kwa cumi 2026, harimo ibihugu byo muri Afurika, u Burayi, Amerika y’Epfo n’utundi turere tw’isi. Amerika, u Burusiya, u Bushinwa, u Buhinde na Israel ntibiri mu bihugu byemeje Amasezerano ya Roma.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko CPI itari urwego rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, nubwo ishobora gukorana na wo kandi ikakira ibibazo byoherejwe n’Inama y’Umutekano yawo mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko.
Ni ibihe byaha CPI ifitiye ububasha bwo gukurikirana?
Amasezerano ya Roma aha uru rukiko ububasha bwo gukurikirana ibyiciro bine by’ibyaha bikomeye:
- Icyaha cya jenoside: Ibyaha bikorwa hagamijwe kurimbura, mu buryo bwuzuye cyangwa igice, itsinda ry’abantu rishingiye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, inkomoko cyangwa idini.
- Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu: Ibikorwa bikomeye birimo ubwicanyi, iyicarubozo, gufunga abantu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, gufata ku ngufu no kuburirwa irengero ku gahato, iyo biri mu gitero kigari cyangwa gihoraho cyibasira abasivili.
- Ibyaha by’intambara: Ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko agenga intambara, birimo kwibasira nkana abasivili, gukorera iyicarubozo imfungwa z’intambara no gukoresha abana mu mirwano.
- Icyaha cy’ubushotoranyi: Gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ubusugire bw’ibihugu, igihe ibisabwa n’amategeko agenga icyo cyaha byujujwe.
Urukiko ntirukurikirana ibihugu nk’ibigo cyangwa Leta; rukurikirana abantu ku giti cyabo bakekwaho kugira uruhare mu byaha biri mu bubasha bwarwo.
CPI ikora ite? Ese ishobora guca urubanza ku muntu uwo ari we wese?
Nubwo CPI ari urukiko mpuzamahanga, ntirufite ububasha butagira imipaka bwo gukurikirana umuntu wese, aho yaba ari hose ku isi. Ububasha bwarwo bugengwa n’Amasezerano ya Roma n’andi mategeko mpuzamahanga abigenga.
Muri rusange, rushobora gukurikirana ibyaha bikorewe ku butaka bw’igihugu cyemeye Amasezerano ya Roma, ibyakozwe n’umuturage w’igihugu kiyemeye, cyangwa ibibazo byoherejwe n’Inama y’Umutekano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko.
Igihugu kitari mu bigize urukiko na cyo gishobora kwemera ububasha bwarwo ku kibazo runaka. Ni yo mpamvu kuba igihugu kitari mu bigize ayo masezerano bitahita bivuga ko abaturage bacyo badashobora na rimwe gukurikiranwa na CPI.
Imikorere y’urukiko igenda mu byiciro bikurikira:
- Iperereza: Ubushinjacyaha busuzuma amakuru n’ibimenyetso kugira ngo bugaragaze niba hari impamvu zifatika zo gukurikirana icyaha.
- Icyemezo cy’abacamanza: Iyo amategeko abisaba, abacamanza basuzuma niba iperereza cyangwa gukurikirana ukekwaho icyaha byemewe.
- Urubanza: Iyo dosiye igeze mu rubanza, ubushinjacyaha bugomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihagije kugira ngo icyaha gihamye ku rwego rusabwa n’amategeko.
- Ubujurire: Uregwa n’ubushinjacyaha bashobora kujuririra ibyemezo mu bihe no mu buryo biteganywa n’amategeko.
Urukiko kandi rugomba kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’uregwa, gusuzuma ibimenyetso by’impande zirebwa n’urubanza no kurinda abatangabuhamya n’abakorewe ibyaha.
Icyakora, CPI ntigira polisi yayo bwite ifite ububasha bwo gufata abantu ku isi hose. Ishingiye cyane ku bufatanye bw’ibihugu kugira ngo impapuro zo guta muri yombi zishyirwe mu bikorwa, abantu bakekwaho ibyaha bafatwe kandi ibimenyetso biboneke.
Uko CPI ikora n’impaka zigaragara ku mikorere yayo
Imikorere ya CPI yakomeje guteza impaka mu bihugu bitandukanye. Abayishyigikiye bavuga ko ari uburyo bukomeye bwo guharanira ko abantu bakoze ibyaha bikomeye bataburana, cyane cyane igihe inzego z’ubutabera z’ibihugu byabo zidashoboye cyangwa zidashaka kubakurikirana.
Urukiko kandi rwashyizeho uburyo bwo guha ijambo abakorewe ibyaha, kurinda abatangabuhamya no gutanga indishyi mu manza zimwe na zimwe zemejwe.
Ariko na rwo rwagiye runengwa ku mpamvu zitandukanye, zirimo igihe kirekire zimwe mu manza zimara, ingorane zo gufata abakekwaho ibyaha, gushingira ku bufatanye bw’ibihugu ndetse n’ibirego bivuga ko ibikorwa byarwo bitagaragaza uturere twose tw’isi ku rugero rumwe.
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni uko ibihugu bikomeye bitari mu bigize Amasezerano ya Roma bishobora kutemera ububasha bwarwo, mu gihe ibihugu birugize byo byiyemeje kubahiriza inshingano zishingiye kuri ayo masezerano.
Bityo, kuvuga ko CPI ikora neza cyangwa ko idakora neza bisaba gusuzuma ibimenyetso bifatika: uko ikora iperereza, uko yubahiriza uburenganzira bw’uregwa, uko imanza zirangira, uko ibyemezo byayo bishyirwa mu bikorwa n’uko abakorewe ibyaha bafashwa. Kuba hari ibihugu biyinenga cyangwa biyishyigikira byonyine ntibihagije kugira ngo hamenyekane umusaruro wayo wose.
Ese Amerika ishobora gusenya CPI?
Amagambo ya Marco Rubio avuga ko Amerika izasenya urukiko “ibuye ku rindi” agaragaza ubukana bw’iyi ntambara ya dipolomasi n’amategeko. Ariko ni ngombwa gutandukanya amagambo y’umuyobozi n’uburyo urwego mpuzamahanga rushobora guhagarikwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.
Amerika ishobora gukoresha ububasha bwayo mu by’imari, ubucuruzi n’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ibangamire ibikorwa by’urukiko. Ibihano bishobora gutuma kubona serivisi zimwe na zimwe birushaho kugorana, bikongera amafaranga urukiko rukoresha kandi bikagora imikoranire yarwo n’ibigo byo muri Amerika.
Urwo rukiko rushingiye ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yemejwe n’ibihugu byinshi, kandi ibihugu 125 ni byo byari birugize muri iki gihe. Bityo, gufatira urukiko ibihano kwa Amerika ntibisobanura ko ruhita ruseswa cyangwa ko ububasha bwarwo burangira ako kanya.
Ejo hazaza harwo hazaterwa n’impamvu nyinshi, zirimo ubushobozi bwo kubona inkunga, ubufatanye bw’ibihugu, uburyo ibihano bizashyirwa mu bikorwa n’uko amakimbirane azakemurwa binyuze muri dipolomasi no mu mategeko.
Ibihano Amerika yafatiye Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha byongeye kugaragaza ikibazo gikomeye kiri hagati y’ubusugire bw’ibihugu n’inshingano mpuzamahanga zo kurwanya umuco wo kudahana ibyaha bikomeye.
Washington ivuga ko irimo kurinda ubusugire bwayo n’abaturage bayo, mu gihe CPI ivuga ko igomba gukomeza gukora mu bwigenge, idaterwa ubwoba n’ibihugu cyangwa abayobozi bashobora kwibasirwa n’iperereza ryayo.
Icyo iyi ntambara izasiga ku butabera mpuzamahanga ntikiramenyekana. Icyakora, uko ibihugu bizitwara muri izi mpaka bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’urukiko, ku bufatanye mpuzamahanga no ku mahirwe y’abakorewe ibyaha bikomeye yo kubona ubutabera.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
