Amarembo y’Umuriro Utazima: Ubwiru bw’Umwobo wa Darvaza umaze imyaka irenga 40 waka hagati mu Butayu
MINEMBWE CAPITAL NEWS (MCN)
Mu bice byitaruye byo mu Butayu bwa Karakum muri Turkmenistan, hari ahantu hihariye kandi hadasanzwe hazwi ku izina ry’Umwobo wa Gaz wa Darvaza, uzwi cyane nka “Amarembo y’Umuriro Utazima” (Door to Hell). Ni ahantu umuriro umaze imyaka myinshi waka udacogora, ugakomeza gutangaza abahanga mu by’ubutaka, abashakashatsi ndetse n’abagenzi baturuka hirya no hino ku isi.
Uyu mwobo munini uherereye hagati mu Butayu bwa Karakum, mu majyaruguru ya Turkmenistan, ahantu hazwiho kuba hari ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere urimo gaz karemano (natural gas).
Umwobo wa Darvaza ufite uburebure bungana na metero zigera kuri 60 z’umurambararo, naho ubujyakuzimu bwawo bukaba bugera kuri metero zigera kuri 30. Munsi yawo hari imyuka ya methane ikomeza gusohoka no gushya, bigatuma umuriro wawo ukomeza kubaho imyaka myinshi.
Iyo umuntu awugezeho nijoro, abona urumuri rw’umuriro ruri hagati mu butayu, ibintu bituma uyu mwobo uba hamwe mu hantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo cyane muri Turkmenistan.
Amateka y’inkomoko y’Umwobo wa Darvaza
Amateka y’uko uyu mwobo wavutse ntabwo asobanurwa kimwe n’abashakashatsi bose. Icyakora, igitekerezo gikunze kuvugwa cyane ni uko wagaragaye mu myaka ya za 1970, ubwo abahanga bo mu cyahoze ari Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti (Soviet Union) bari barimo gushakisha ahari ububiko bwa gaz karemano muri ako gace.
Bivugwa ko mu gihe cyo gucukura gaz, imashini zabo zaguye mu butaka bwari bufite umwobo munini urimo imyuka ya methane. Ubutaka bwaje gusenyuka, habaho ikinogo kinini, maze ibikoresho byabo ndetse n’ibindi byari biri aho bigwamo.
Kubera gutinya ko methane yari gukomeza gukwirakwira mu kirere, ikaba yagira ingaruka ku bidukikije cyangwa ku buzima bw’abaturage bari hafi aho, abahanga bafashe icyemezo cyo kuyitwika batekereza ko izashira mu gihe gito.
Ariko ibyo bari batekereje ko byari kumara iminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike, byaje guhinduka umuriro umaze imyaka irenga 40 ugikomeje kwaka kugeza uyu munsi.
Impamvu umuriro ukomeza kwaka
Impamvu nyamukuru ituma umuriro wa Darvaza ukomeza kubaho ni uko munsi y’ubutaka hakiri ububiko bunini bwa gaz ya methane, umwe mu myuka ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwaka.
Akarere ka Darvaza gaherereyemo kazwiho kugira umutungo mwinshi wa gaz na peteroli. Ni yo mpamvu abahanga bavuga ko munsi y’uyu mwobo hashobora kuba hakiri imyuka myinshi ikomeza gutuma umuriro udashira.
Mu gihe methane ikomeza gusohoka iva mu butaka, umuriro nawo ukomeza kwaka aho kuzima.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri uyu mwobo
Mu mwaka wa 2013, umushakashatsi w’Umunya-Canada George Kourounis yakoze urugendo rudasanzwe rwo kujya gusuzuma uyu mwobo.
Yambaye imyambaro yabugenewe imurinda ubushyuhe bukabije, yamanutse mu mwobo kugira ngo akusanye ibisigazwa by’ubutaka n’ivu, hagamijwe gukorerwa ubushakashatsi.
Icyatangaje abahanga ni uko basanze harimo utunyabuzima duto cyane (microorganisms) dushobora kubaho nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse n’imiterere y’ahantu idasanzwe.
Indi miriro imeze nka Darvaza
Nubwo Umwobo wa Darvaza ari wo muriro wo munsi y’ubutaka uzwi cyane ku isi, hari n’indi miriro isa na wo iboneka mu bice bitandukanye by’isi.
Urugero, hari umuriro wo munsi y’ubutaka uri hafi y’Umusozi Wingen muri Australia, bivugwa ko umaze imyaka irenga 5.000 waka.
Abahanga bavuga ko igihe ibicanwa biri munsi y’ubutaka bikomeza kuboneka kandi bigahura n’umwuka uhagije, bishobora gutuma iyo miriro ikomeza kubaho imyaka amagana cyangwa ibihumbi.
Ikimenyetso gikomeye cya Turkmenistan
Nubwo Umwobo wa Darvaza watangiye nk’impanuka yabaye mu bushakashatsi bwo gushaka gaz, nyuma yaje guhinduka kimwe mu bimenyetso bikomeye bya Turkmenistan.
Uyu munsi, “Amarembo y’Umuriro Udahera” akomeje kuba ahantu hakurura amatsiko y’abantu benshi bashaka kwibonera imbaraga z’ibintu biri munsi y’ubutaka ndetse n’uburyo isi ishobora kugira ibintu bidasanzwe kandi bitangaje.
Kuri benshi, uyu mwobo ni urugero rugaragaza ubwiru n’ubushobozi bukomeye bw’ibidukikije, ndetse n’ibintu bidasanzwe bishobora kubaho ku isi bituma abantu bakomeza kwibaza byinshi ku miterere y’umubumbe dutuyeho.
MINEMBWE CAPITAL NEWS (MCN)
