Byinshi ku mabanga y’ubutasi bwa Amerika n’aho butandukaniye n’ubw’ibindi bihugu bikomeye
Mu rwego rw’umutekano mpuzamahanga, ubutasi bwabaye imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zigena imbaraga z’ibihugu. Muri iki gihe isi iri mu bihe by’impinduka zikomeye—zirimo intambara z’amakuru (information warfare), iterabwoba n’intambara z’ikoranabuhanga—inzego z’ubutasi zifite uruhare rukomeye kurusha mbere hose.
Urwego rwa Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ni rumwe mu zikomeye ku isi, rufite inshingano zo gukusanya amakuru y’ibanga, kuyasesengura no gufasha ubuyobozi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gufata ibyemezo.
Mu gihe cya Cold War, CIA yakoze ibikorwa byinshi byo guhangana n’icyari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Muri byo harimo:
Gushyigikira ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi mu bihugu bimwe
Gukurikirana abayobozi bafatwaga nk’abanzi
Gukoresha ibikorwa by’ibanga
Muri iki gihe, ubutasi bukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bugezweho burimo:
Gukoresha drones mu kurwanya iterabwoba
Cyber intelligence (ubutasi bwo kuri internet)
Gukorana n’ibindi bihugu
Kwibanda ku gukumira ibyago mbere y’uko biba
Icyakora, ibikorwa byo kwivugana abantu ku giti cyabo byashyizweho amategeko abigabanya cyane, nubwo mu bikorwa byo kurwanya iterabwoba hari aho bikorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa.
Urwego rwa Mossad rwo muri Israel ruzwi cyane ku isi kubera ibikorwa byarwo bikomeye kandi byihuse. Ibiruranga birimo:
Kwivugana abanzi
Gukorera hanze y’igihugu mu bwiru bukomeye
Kwihorera ku bagabye ibitero kuri Isiraheli
Urugero ruzwi ni ibikorwa byo guhiga abagize uruhare mu gitero cyabereye mu mikino Olempike ya Munich mu 1972 (Operation Wrath of God). Mossad ikunze gufatwa nk’urwego rukora mu buryo bwihuse, rutitinya gufata ibyemezo bikomeye igihe umutekano wa Israeli ubangamiwe.
Urwego rwa Federal Security Service (FSB) rwo mu Burusiya rwasimbuye KGB yo mu gihe cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Ibiruranga ni:
Kugenzura cyane ibikorwa by’imbere mu gihugu
Gukurikirana abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi
Gukora ibikorwa by’ibanga no hanze y’igihugu.
U Burusiya bwagiye bushyirwa mu majwi mu bikorwa byo kuroga cyangwa kwivugana bamwe mu banenga ubutegetsi, nubwo akenshi bitemezwa ku mugaragaro.
Ku ruhande rw’u Bwongereza, Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) ni rwo rwego rushinzwe ubutasi bwo hanze. Ibiruranga ni:
Ugukusanya amakuru y’ingenzi ku isi hose
Gukorana cyane n’inshuti z’u Bwongereza nka Amerika
Kwitonda mu bikorwa by’igisirikare
MI6 ikunze gukora mu buryo butuje, yibanda ku gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru kurusha ibikorwa byo kwivugana abantu.
Mu Bushinwa, Ministry of State Security (MSS) ni rwo rwego rukomeye mu by’ubutasi. Rwibanda cyane ku:
Butasi bw’ikoranabuhanga (cyber espionage)
Gukurikirana ikoranabuhanga ry’ibindi bihugu
Gushyira imbere inyungu z’ubukungu
U Bushinwa bufatwa nk’igihugu gikoresha cyane ubutasi mu rwego rwo kugera ku iterambere ryihuse mu bukungu n’ikoranabuhanga.
Muri rusange, nta rwego rumwe rw’ubutasi rushobora kuvugwa ko rurenze izindi zose mu buryo busesuye. Buri rumwe rufite imbaraga zarwo bitewe n’intego z’igihugu:
CIA: ikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga, ubusesenguzi n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga
Mossad: izwi ku bikorwa byihuse kandi bikomeye byo kwivugana abanzi
FSB: ifite imbaraga mu kugenzura imbere mu gihugu no gukumira abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi
MI6: yizewe mu gukusanya amakuru no gukorana n’inshuti zayo
MSS: Iyoboye mu butasi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ubukungu
Muri iki gihe, ubutasi ntibukiri ku ntambara zisanzwe gusa. Hari n’ibindi bishya byiyongereyeho:
Cyber warfare: kwiba amakuru no gusenya sisitemu z’ibihugu
Artificial Intelligence: gusesengura amakuru menshi mu gihe gito
Surveillance technologies: gukurikirana abantu n’ibikorwa byabo ku rwego rwo hejuru
Ibihugu byinshi biri gushora imari nini muri izi nzego, kuko ugenzura amakuru aba afite imbaraga zikomeye.
Ubutasi bwabaye igikoresho gikomeye mu miyoborere y’ibihugu. Nubwo CIA ifatwa nk’imwe mu zikomeye ku isi, izindi nzego nka Mossad, FSB, MI6 na MSS nazo zifite uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura isura y’umutekano mpuzamahanga.
Isi y’uyu munsi igaragaza ko “intambara y’amakuru” ishobora kurusha ubukana intambara z’amasasu—kandi ufite amakuru, aba afite imbaraga.
