Perezida Macron ku Ntambara yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC: Imvugo ye ku Rwanda, Politiki ya Amerika n’Ibitero ku Banyamulenge Byakuruye Impaka Zikomeye
Mu gihe intambara ikomeje gukaza umurego mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), Perezida w’u Bufaransa Emmanuel Macron yongeye gutangaza ko igisubizo kirambye ku bibazo byo muri aka karere kigomba kunyuzwa mu nzira y’ibiganiro n’ubuhuza bwa dipolomasi, aho gushyira imbere ibihano bikomeye ku Rwanda. Ibi yabivugiye i Nairobi muri gahunda ya Africa Forward, amagambo yahise akurura impaka zikomeye muri RDC no mu bindi bihugu byo mu karere.
Mu mvugo ye, Macron yavuze ko u Bufaransa bwubaha byimazeyo ubusugire n’ubwigenge bwa RDC, ariko agaragaza ko Paris idashyigikiye uburyo bwo gukomeza gufatira u Rwanda ibihano bikomeye nk’uko bamwe mu banyapolitiki ba Congo n’imiryango mpuzamahanga babisaba. Ahubwo, yashimangiye ko ibiganiro hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa ari byo bishobora kuzana amahoro arambye.
Icyakora, muri RDC benshi babifashe nk’imvugo isa n’igikorwa cya dipolomasi kidahuye n’ibibera ku rugamba. Hari abasesenguzi bavuga ko u Bufaransa bukomeje kugendera ku murongo woroshya ibintu, mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byo byatangiye gushyira igitutu ku Rwanda binyuze mu bihano bifitanye isano n’umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Mu magambo ye, Emmanuel Macron yagaragaje ko adashyigikiye politiki yo gukoresha igitutu gikabije cyangwa ibihano nk’inzira rukumbi yo gukemura ikibazo cya RDC n’u Rwanda. Ibi benshi babifashe nk’uburyo bwo kunenga mu buryo butaziguye umurongo wa Amerika umaze igihe ushyira imbere ibihano ku bantu n’inzego zishinjwa kugira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano wa Congo.
Abasesenguzi ba politiki mpuzamahanga bavuga ko Macron ashobora kuba afite impungenge ko gukomeza gushyira igitutu ku Rwanda bishobora gutuma umubano wa Kigali n’ibihugu by’i Burayi urushaho kuzamo agatotsi, ndetse bikabangamira inyungu z’u Burayi mu karere, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga no mu nganda z’ingufu zisubira.
Ibi bije mu gihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakomeje gushyigikira gahunda z’amahoro ariko zikagaragaza ko ibihano bishobora kuba igikoresho cyo guhatira impande zose kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga.
Nyuma y’amasezerano yabereye i Washington agamije kugabanya ubushyamirane hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, hari icyizere cyari cyatangiye kugaragara ko akarere gashobora kwinjira mu nzira y’amahoro. Perezida Paul Kagame yashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano, kimwe n’izindi mpande zari zihagarariwe.
Ariko nubwo ayo masezerano yashyizweho umukono, imirwano ntiyahagaze. Raporo zitandukanye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu zakomeje gushinja u Rwanda gufasha umutwe wa AFC/M23 mu buryo bwa gisirikare, ibikoresho n’inkunga z’imari. Kigali yakomeje guhakana ibyo birego, ahubwo igashinja Kinshasa gukomeza gukorana bya hafi na FDLR.
Muri icyo gihe, ibice byinshi byo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo bikomeje kurangwa n’intambara, kwimurwa kw’abaturage, ubwicanyi ndetse n’isahurwa ry’umutungo kamere.
Kimwe mu bibazo Macron yagarutseho mu buryo buziguye ni ikibazo cy’umutekano muke ukomeje kwibasira abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, cyane cyane Abanyamulenge.
Mu mezi ashize, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abasesenguzi batandukanye bakomeje kuvuga ku bitero byagabwe mu bice bya Minembwe, Bijombo, Mikenge n’ahandi, aho FARDC ifatanyije n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo Wazalendo yashinjwe kugaba ibitero ku baturage b’Abanyamulenge.
Hari amakuru yagiye agaragaza ko iyo mirwano yateye kwiyongera kw’impunzi, abaturage bamwe bicwa, abandi bagasahurwa cyangwa bagatwikirwa amazu. Ku ruhande rwa Leta ya Kinshasa, yakomeje kuvuga ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare bikorwa mu rwego rwo guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu. Ariko kandi, hari abakomeje kuvuga ko ibitero bya FARDC n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo byibasira cyane abaturage b’Abanyamulenge mu mihana yabo.
Abanenga ubutegetsi bwa Congo bavuga ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’imvugo z’urwango n’imikoranire hagati ya FARDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikunze gushinjwa kwibasira abaturage hashingiwe ku moko yabo. Iki kibazo gikomeje gutera impungenge amahanga ndetse kikaba kimwe mu bikomeje gutuma ikibazo cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo kirushaho gukomera.
Indi ngingo ikomeje guteza impaka ni amasezerano hagati y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi n’u Rwanda ku bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi. Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono mu mwaka wa 2024 agamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bijyanye no gutunganya no kohereza hanze amabuye nka coltan, cassitérite na tungstène.
Muri RDC, benshi babifata nk’uburyarya bwa politiki y’ibihugu by’i Burayi. Bavuga ko bidashoboka kwamagana intambara yo muri Congo ariko nanone ugakomeza kugirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’igihugu gishinjwa kugira uruhare muri iyo ntambara.
Hari ndetse n’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Burayi basabye ko ayo masezerano yasubirwamo cyangwa agahagarikwa kugeza ikibazo cy’umutekano muri Congo gikemutse.
Nubwo u Bufaransa bwakomeje gutangaza ko bushyigikiye amahoro n’ubusugire bwa RDC, amagambo ya Macron yakiriwe nabi na bamwe muri Congo, cyane cyane abumva ko Paris ikomeje kugira ubwitonzi bukabije ku Rwanda.
Hari abavuga ko inama mpuzamahanga n’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi byateguwe n’u Bufaransa ku kibazo cya Congo bitaragaragaza impinduka zifatika ku buzima bw’abaturage, mu gihe miliyoni z’abimuwe n’intambara zikomeje kubaho mu buzima bubi, ibikorwa remezo byinshi byarasenyutse, kandi umutekano ugakomeza kuba ikibazo gikomeye.
Muri iki gihe akarere gakomeje gushyuha, abaturage benshi bo muri RDC basigaye bategereje ko ibihugu bikomeye birenga amagambo ya dipolomasi bikajya ku ngamba zifatika zashobora guhagarika intambara imaze imyaka hafi mirongo itatu isenya ubuzima bw’abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, cyane cyane mu bice bivugwamo ibikorwa byibasira Abanyamulenge muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
