Putin, Xi Jinping na Trump mu Mukino wa Politiki Mpuzamahanga: Uko u Bushinwa, u Burusiya na Amerika Bikomeje Guhatanira Kuyobora Isi
Mu gihe isi ikomeje kunyura mu bihe bikomeye birimo intambara, ihangana ry’ubukungu ndetse n’impaka ku mutekano mpuzamahanga, Perezida w’u Burusiya Vladimir Putin yongeye gushimangira ubufatanye bukomeye igihugu cye gifitanye n’u Bushinwa, ibintu bikomeje gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ihangana riri hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi.
Ibiro bya Perezida w’u Burusiya bizwi nka Kremlin byashyize hanze ubutumwa bw’amashusho Putin yageneye Abashinwa mbere y’uruzinduko rwe i Beijing, aho yashimangiye ko Perezida Xi Jinping ari “inshuti y’igihe kirekire” kandi ko umubano hagati y’ibihugu byombi ugeze ku rwego “rutigeze rubaho mbere mu mateka”.
Mu magambo ye, Putin yavuze ko ubufatanye bwa Moscow na Beijing bufite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ituze n’umutekano w’Isi, cyane cyane mu gihe amahanga akomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’intambara, ibihano by’ubukungu ndetse n’ihangana rikomeye rya politiki.
Uru ruzinduko rwa Putin rubaye nyuma y’iminsi mike Perezida Xi Jinping yakiriye Donald Trump, Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibintu byafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko u Bushinwa bukomeje gukina politiki yo kugirana umubano n’impande zose zikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Kremlin yatangaje ko uru ruzinduko rugamije gukomeza kubaka “ubufatanye budasanzwe” hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ndetse ko impande zombi ziteze kongera ubufatanye mu bukungu, igisirikare, ingufu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Mu mateka, u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa ntabwo buri gihe byari inshuti zikomeye. Mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita, ibihugu byombi byigeze kugirana amakimbirane akomeye ashingiye ku mitegekere ya gikomunisiti ndetse no guhatanira ubuyobozi bw’isi ya gikomunisiti.
Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, cyane cyane nyuma y’ibihano bikomeye Amerika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi byafatiye u Burusiya kubera intambara yo muri Ukraine, Moscow yatangiye kwegera cyane Beijing.
Kuri ubu, u Bushinwa bwabaye umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye b’u Burusiya mu by’ubukungu, ubucuruzi ndetse no mu rwego rwa dipolomasi. Ibihugu byombi bikomeje kwamagana icyo byita “ubutegetsi bw’Isi buyobowe n’Amerika yonyine”, bigasaba ko habaho isi ishingiye ku “buringanire bw’ibihugu byinshi”.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko Putin na Xi Jinping bahuriye ku nyungu zo kugabanya imbaraga za Amerika ku rwego mpuzamahanga no kubaka ubundi buryo bushya bw’imiyoborere y’Isi.
Mu gihe u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa bikomeje kwegerana, Amerika na yo ikomeje gushaka uburyo bwo kugumana ubuyobozi bwayo ku rwego rw’Isi.
Washington ikomeje gushinja Beijing gushaka kwagura imbaraga zayo muri Aziya no ku Isi hose, cyane cyane binyuze mu bukungu, ikoranabuhanga n’igisirikare. Ku rundi ruhande, Amerika ishinja u Burusiya guteza umutekano muke ku mugabane w’u Burayi binyuze mu ntambara yo muri Ukraine.
Donald Trump, ukomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye muri politiki y’Amerika, yatangaje ko yahagaritse umugambi wo kugaba igitero kuri Iran nyuma y’uko Tehran yoherereje Washington ubutumwa bw’amahoro ndetse n’icyifuzo cyo gukomeza ibiganiro bya dipolomasi.
Aya magambo ya Trump yagaragaje uburyo Amerika ikomeje kugerageza gukoresha imbaraga za dipolomasi hamwe n’iza gisirikare icyarimwe mu guhangana n’ibihugu biyibangamiye.
Umubano wa Amerika na Iran wajemo agatotsi gakomeye kuva mu mwaka wa 1979 nyuma y’Impinduramatwara ya Kisilamu yahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi wari ushyigikiwe cyane na Washington.
Nyuma y’iyo mpinduramatwara, ambasade ya Amerika i Tehran yarafashwe, abanyamerika benshi bafatwa bugwate, ibintu byahise bituma ibihugu byombi bihinduka abanzi ba politiki n’igisirikare.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Amerika yashyizeho ibihano bikomeye kuri Iran, iyishinja guteza umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no gushaka gukora intwaro za nucléaire. Iran yo yakomeje kuvuga ko gahunda yayo ya nucléaire igamije ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi, ubuvuzi n’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Mu mwaka wa 2015, Iran yagiranye amasezerano n’ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi birimo Amerika, u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa, agamije kugabanya ibikorwa bya nucléaire bya Tehran mu rwego rwo gukurirwaho ibihano mpuzamahanga.
Ariko mu 2018, Donald Trump yakuye Amerika muri ayo masezerano, ayita “amasezerano mabi”, ibintu byongeye gukaza umwuka mubi hagati ya Washington na Tehran.
U Bushinwa bukomeje gukoresha politiki ishingiye ku kwagura ubukungu no kubaka umubano n’ibihugu byinshi binyuze mu mushinga wa “Belt and Road Initiative”, ugamije kubaka ibikorwa remezo no kongera ubuhahirane hagati ya Aziya, Afurika n’u Burayi.
Beijing kandi ikomeje kwirinda kwinjira mu ntambara z’imbere mu bindi bihugu, ahubwo igashyira imbere dipolomasi n’ubucuruzi. Nubwo bimeze bityo, Amerika n’ibihugu byayo biyishinja gukoresha ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga mu gushaka kwigarurira isoko ry’Isi.
Ku kibazo cya Ukraine, u Bushinwa bwakomeje kwirinda kwamagana u Burusiya ku buryo bweruye, ahubwo busaba ibiganiro by’amahoro no guhagarika intambara.
Kuva intambara yo muri Ukraine yatangira, u Burusiya bwakomeje kwibona nk’igihugu kirwanya icyo bwita “ubwirasi bwa Amerika n’ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba”.
Moscow ikomeje gushora amafaranga menshi mu gisirikare, kongera umubano n’ibihugu birimo u Bushinwa, Iran na Koreya ya Ruguru ndetse no gushaka uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibihano by’ubukungu byafatiwe igihugu.
Putin akomeje kuvuga ko intego y’u Burusiya ari ukubaka isi itagengwa n’igihugu kimwe gusa, ahubwo buri gihugu kikagira ijambo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Nubwo Amerika ikiri igihugu cya mbere mu bukungu no mu gisirikare ku Isi, ikomeje guhura n’ihangana rikomeye rituruka ku Bushinwa n’u Burusiya.
Washington ikomeje gushora imari nyinshi mu ikoranabuhanga, ingufu za gisirikare ndetse no mu bufatanye n’ibihugu by’inshuti biri muri NATO no muri Aziya.
Ariko kandi, abasesenguzi bavuga ko isi iri kugenda ihinduka buhoro buhoro, aho ibihugu byinshi bitagishaka kugendera gusa ku murongo wa Amerika, ahubwo bishaka kugira ubwigenge muri politiki n’ubukungu.
Abasesenguzi benshi ba politiki mpuzamahanga bavuga ko ihangana hagati ya Amerika, u Bushinwa n’u Burusiya rishobora gutuma isi yinjira mu bindi bihe bisa n’Intambara y’Ubutita, ariko yo ishingiye ku bukungu n’ikoranabuhanga aho kuba intambara ya gisirikare itaziguye.
Ku ruhande rumwe, Amerika n’ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba bikomeje gushaka kugumana ubuyobozi bwabyo ku Isi. Ku rundi ruhande, u Bushinwa n’u Burusiya bikomeje kubaka ihuriro rishya rigamije guhindura uburyo isi iyobowe.
Kuri ubu, amahanga akomeje gukurikiranira hafi uko umubano hagati y’ibi bihugu bitatu ukomeza guhinduka, cyane cyane mu gihe intambara yo muri Ukraine, ikibazo cya Iran ndetse n’ihangana rya Amerika n’u Bushinwa bikomeje gushyira isi mu bihe by’impinduka zikomeye muri politiki mpuzamahanga.
