RDC n’u Rwanda: Inama y’Ibanga yo mu Kwa Cumi Ishobora Guhindura Umurongo w’Amasezerano ya Washington?
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
Mu gihe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano agamije kugarura amahoro mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo rikomeje gukurikiranwa, hamenyekanye inama iteganyijwe muri uku kwezi kwa Cumi 2026, izibanda ku gusuzuma no kunoza uburyo imihigo y’umutekano yashyizweho na Kinshasa na Kigali izashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Iyi nama ije mu gihe Amasezerano ya Washington, yashyizweho umukono hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda, akomeje gufatwa nk’imwe mu nzira z’ingenzi zashyizweho kugira ngo amakimbirane amaze igihe mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari agere ku musozo.
Amakuru ahari kugeza ubu agaragaza ko inama iteganyijwe muri uku kwezi kwa Cumi ni nama y’imyiteguro y’impande zitatu, igamije kuvugurura no kunoza gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umutekano bijyanye n’Amasezerano ya Washington.
Icy’ingenzi muri iyi nama ni ukureba niba ibyo impande zombi ziyemeje ku mpapuro bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku butaka, hakabaho uburyo busobanutse bwo kubikurikirana no kugenzura uko bishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Inama izaba igamije iki?
Mu byo iyi nama iteganyijwe gukoraho harimo kuvugurura gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umutekano, izwi nka ordre d’opérations, kugira ngo isobanure neza uko inshingano z’impande zitandukanye zizashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibi birimo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana no gusuzuma niba RDC n’u Rwanda biri kubahiriza ibyo byiyemeje mu rwego rw’umutekano.
Ikibazo cya FDLR kiri mu ngingo z’ingenzi cyane z’iyi gahunda. Ku ruhande rwa RDC, amasezerano ateganya ko igomba gufata ingamba zo guca intege no gusenya ibikorwa bya FDLR, kuyambura intwaro no gushyigikira gahunda yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abayigize.
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, amasezerano ateganya kuvanaho ingamba z’umutekano no gukura ingabo mu buryo bujyanye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zemejwe mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cya FDLR.
Iyi ngingo ni imwe mu zikomeye cyane, kuko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inshingano z’impande zombi rifatwa nk’ibintu bifitanye isano: buri ruhande rusabwa gukora ibyo rwiyemeje mu gihe urundi na rwo ruri kubahiriza ibyemezo byarwo.
Ni bande bari inyuma y’iyi gahunda?
Iyi gahunda ijyanye n’ibyemeranyijweho na RDC n’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Amasezerano ya Washington.
Mu biganiro byabereye i Genève ku itariki ya 12 na 13/08/2026, RDC n’u Rwanda, bifashijwe n’abafatanyabikorwa barimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Qatar, Togo ndetse na Komisiyo y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, baganiriye ku ntambwe zikurikira mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imihigo y’umutekano.
Ni muri urwo rwego hateganyijwe iyi nama y’imyiteguro, izafasha impande bireba kugira gahunda ihuriweho kandi isobanutse ku bikorwa bigomba gukorwa.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite uruhare rukomeye muri iyi gahunda kubera uruhare rwa Perezida Donald Trump mu nzira y’Amasezerano ya Washington n’ubuhuza bwabaye hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali.
Ariko kugeza ubu, nta makuru ahamya ko Perezida Trump ubwe, kimwe na Perezida Tshisekedi na Perezida Kagame, bazitabira iyi nama.
Ni iki gikubiye mu Masezerano ya Washington?
Amasezerano ya Washington agamije gushyiraho urufatiro rwa politiki, umutekano n’ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda.
Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi impande zombi ziyemeje ni ukubaha ubusugire n’ubutaka bwa buri gihugu, kwirinda ibikorwa by’ubushotoranyi no kudaha inkunga imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera ku butaka bw’ikindi gihugu.
Ku ruhande rwa RDC, hari inshingano yo gufata ingamba zihamye zo guhangana na FDLR, mu gihe u Rwanda rwo rufite inshingano zijyanye no gukuraho ingamba z’umutekano no gukura ingabo, mu buryo buhuye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’umutekano yemeranyijweho.
Amasezerano kandi asaba impande zombi kudatanga inkunga ya Leta ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro, uretse ibikorwa byemewe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo masezerano.
Hari kandi uburyo bwashyizweho bwo gukurikirana amakuru y’umutekano no guhuza ibikorwa by’impande zombi.
Urwego ruhuriweho ruzakora iki?
Mu masezerano hashyizweho Joint Security Coordination Mechanism, urwego rugomba gufasha RDC n’u Rwanda guhuza ibikorwa by’umutekano no gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemejwe.
Muri uru rwego hazakorwa ibikorwa birimo guhanahana amakuru y’ubutasi, gukurikirana ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, gusuzuma aho ibibazo by’umutekano bigeze no gutanga raporo ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imihigo y’impande zombi.
Iyi mécanisme kandi iteganya ko habaho inama zisanzwe, aho impande zombi zishobora gusuzumira hamwe ibibazo bishobora kuba bikibangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Qatar zishobora kugira uruhare nk’abafatanyabikorwa n’indorerezi muri iyi gahunda.
Impunzi n’abimuwe na bo bari mu masezerano
Amasezerano ya Washington ntabwo yibanda ku bikorwa bya gisirikare gusa.
Harimo kandi ingingo zirebana n’impunzi n’abaturage bahunze cyangwa bimuwe mu byabo, aho impande zombi ziyemeje gushyigikira gutahuka ku bushake, mu mutekano no mu cyubahiro.
Intego ni ukugira ngo abaturage bahunze imirwano bashobore gusubira mu byabo igihe umutekano uzaba wagarutse, kandi ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bikomeze kugera ku baturage babikeneye.
Ibi bituma ikibazo cy’umutekano, impunzi n’ubutabazi bifatwa nk’ibintu bifitanye isano muri gahunda yo gushaka amahoro arambye mu karere.
MONUSCO iri mu murongo w’ishyirwa mu bikorwa
MONUSCO na yo ifite uruhare muri iyi nzira, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kurinda abasivili, gufasha ibikorwa by’amahoro no gushyigikira gahunda z’umutekano.
Mandat yayo iriho iteganyijwe kurangira ku itariki ya 20/12/2026, ibintu bituma ibizava mu biganiro by’impande bireba mbere y’iyo tariki bishobora kugira akamaro mu kugena uruhare ruzakomeza kugira mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Kinshasa kandi ikomeje gushaka ko MONUSCO igira uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no gufasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guca intege no gusenya FDLR.
Amasezerano ntabwo ari ay’umutekano gusa
Ikindi kintu gikomeye kiri mu Masezerano ya Washington ni ubufatanye mu bukungu.
RDC n’u Rwanda byashyize imbere guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bikorwa remezo, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, amashanyarazi, ubucuruzi n’imiyoboro ihuza akarere.
By’umwihariko, amasezerano ateganya guteza imbere uburyo bwemewe kandi bushobora gukurikiranwa bwo gucunga ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucuruzi butemewe bushobora gukomeza guteza amakimbirane.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na yo ifite inyungu mu guteza imbere ubwo bufatanye mu bukungu, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ishoramari n’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi.
Ku itariki ya 04/12/2025, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi na Perezida Paul Kagame bashyize umukono ku nyandiko yiswe Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity, Perezida Donald Trump akaba yarayihamije nk’umutangabuhamya.
Iyi nyandiko yongeye gushimangira inzira yari yatangijwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 27/06/2025, ndetse n’izindi gahunda z’ubufatanye mu bukungu no mu karere.
Icyo inama yo mu kwa Cumi ishobora kuvamo
Icyo iyi nama izaba igamije si ugusinya andi masezerano mashya gusa, ahubwo ni ugushyira mu bikorwa no kunoza ibyo impande zombi zamaze kwiyemeza.
Ni ukuvuga ko ikibazo kizaba kiri ku buryo bwo kumenya niba inshingano zashyizweho zishobora gupimwa, gukurikiranwa no kugenzurwa.
Ikibazo cya FDLR, ingabo, umutekano w’imipaka, ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, impunzi n’uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga biri mu bintu bishobora gukomeza kugira umwanya ukomeye muri iyi gahunda.
Kugeza ubu, amakuru ahari agaragaza ko inama iteganyijwe muri uku kwezi turimo kwa Cumi 2026, ariko igihe nyirizina n’ahantu izabera ntibiratangazwa mu buryo burambuye.
Icyakora, kuba hateganyijwe inama yo gusuzuma no kuvugurura gahunda y’ibikorwa by’umutekano bigaragaza ko inzira y’Amasezerano ya Washington yinjiye mu cyiciro gishya: kuva ku masezerano yanditse, hakajya ku bikorwa bifatika bigomba kugaragara ku butaka.
Kuri Kinshasa na Kigali, ikibazo gikomeye kizaba kumenya niba buri ruhande ruzasohoza inshingano zarwo ku buryo bushobora kugenzurwa, mu gihe abahuza n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga bakomeje gukurikirana iyi nzira.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
