RDC: Umushinga wa referandumu ushobora gushyira igihugu mu kaga gakomeye — Ese politiki ya Félix Tshisekedi iri kuganisha Congo mu gucikamo ibice? (Byinshi kuri iyi nkuru)
Mu gihe Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ikomeje kunyura mu bihe bikomeye by’umutekano muke, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’iki gihugu yemeje ku bwiganze busesuye umushinga w’itegeko rigena uburyo referandumu ishobora gutegurwa no gukorwa. Iki cyemezo kiri guteza impaka ndende muri politiki ya Congo, aho abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ndetse n’abasesenguzi benshi batangiye kwibaza niba iyi gahunda itaba ishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho, harimo no gushyira igihugu mu nzira ishobora kuganisha ku gucikamo ibice cyangwa “Balkanisation”.
Iyi referandumu ishobora kuzaba imwe mu ngingo zikomeye zizagena ejo hazaza ha Congo, cyane cyane mu gihe igihugu kigifite ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano, ubusumbane bwa politiki, kutizerana hagati y’ubutegetsi n’abaturage, ndetse n’intambara ikomeje mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo.
Nubwo ubutegetsi bwa Félix Tshisekedi bugaragaza ko referandumu ishobora gufasha abaturage kugira uruhare mu byemezo bikomeye bireba igihugu, abatavuga rumwe na bwo bavuga ko igihe iri gutegurirwa ari cyo kibazo gikomeye cyane.
Kugeza ubu, igice kinini cy’uburasirazuba bwa Congo kiri mu bibazo bikomeye by’umutekano. Hari uduce twinshi tutari mu maboko ya Leta ya Kinshasa kubera imirwano hagati y’ingabo za FARDC n’ihuriro AFC/M23 rifite ibice byinshi rigenzura. Ibi bivuze ko abaturage benshi bo muri ibyo bice bashobora kutazashobora kwitabira amatora cyangwa referandumu mu buryo busesuye kandi bwizewe.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko gutegura referandumu mu gihugu abaturage bamwe badafite uburenganzira busesuye bwo gutora bishobora gutuma abaturage bo mu burasirazuba bumva ko igihugu kitakibareba cyangwa ko ibyemezo bikomeye bifatwa batabigizemo uruhare. Ibyo bishobora kongera icyuho hagati ya Kinshasa n’abo baturage, ibintu bishobora gutera ikibazo gikomeye ku bumwe bw’igihugu.
Abanyapolitiki benshi batavuga rumwe na Félix Tshisekedi bamaze gutangaza ko iyi gahunda ya referandumu ishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye kuruta icyo igihugu gisanzwe gifite.
Hari abavuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Union Sacrée bushobora kuba buri gushaka gukoresha referandumu nk’inzira yo guhindura amategeko cyangwa Itegeko Nshinga mu nyungu za politiki y’igihe kirekire, harimo no kongera imbaraga z’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Tshisekedi mbere y’amatora azaza.
Bamwe mu banyapolitiki bavuga ko igihugu kidashobora gutegura referandumu yizewe mu gihe hari abaturage bari mu ntambara, abandi bari mu nkambi z’impunzi, ndetse hari n’uduce tudagenzurwa na Leta. Bavuga ko gukora referandumu muri ibyo bihe bishobora gutuma ibyavuye muri yo bitemerwa n’igice kimwe cy’igihugu, cyane cyane abaturage bo mu burasirazuba.
Hari n’abagaragaza ko ibi bishobora gutanga urwitwazo ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro cyangwa ku mashyaka ashyigikiye ubwigenge bw’uduce runaka, bavuga ko abaturage babo batagize uruhare mu byemezo bifatwa ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Ijambo “Balkanisation” rikomeje kuvugwa cyane muri politiki ya Congo muri iyi minsi. Iri jambo risobanura ugucikamo ibice kw’igihugu bitewe n’amakimbirane ya politiki, ubwoko, umutekano cyangwa kutumvikana hagati y’ubutegetsi n’abaturage.
Mu mateka ya Afurika, RDC ni kimwe mu bihugu byigeze guhura n’igerageza rikomeye ryo gucikamo ibice. Mu myaka ya 1960, igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kwitandukanya kwa Katanga ndetse na Sud-Kasaï nyuma y’ubwigenge. Icyo gihe, ibihugu byo hanze n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro byagize uruhare mu guhungabanya igihugu.
Uyu munsi, bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko ibibazo biri mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bishobora kongera guteza ikibazo nk’icyo niba ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa budashyize imbere ubwiyunge, ibiganiro bya politiki n’ugushyiraho uburyo bwubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abaturage bose.
Bavuga ko iyo abaturage bumva badafite ijambo mu gihugu cyabo, cyangwa bumva Leta itabumva kandi itabashinzwe, bishobora kubyara ibitekerezo byo kwigenga cyangwa kwitandukanya n’ubutegetsi bwo hagati.
Abasesenguzi benshi bagaragaza ko mbere yo gutekereza kuri referandumu cyangwa guhindura amategeko akomeye y’igihugu, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi bwagakwiye gushyira imbere ibintu bine by’ingenzi.
Icya mbere ni ugushakira amahoro arambye uburasirazuba bwa Congo binyuze mu biganiro bya politiki n’umutekano aho gukomeza gusa inzira y’intambara.
Icya kabiri ni ugusubiza icyizere hagati y’abaturage n’ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa, cyane cyane abaturage bo mu Ntara za Kivu bumva imyaka myinshi baratereranywe.
Icya gatatu ni ugushyiraho ibiganiro bya politiki birimo impande zose z’igihugu, harimo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, sosiyete sivile n’amadini, kugira ngo hafatwe ibyemezo byubaka igihugu aho kugishyira mu makimbirane mashya.
Icya kane ni ukubahiriza ihame ry’uburinganire bw’abaturage bose no kwirinda ibyemezo bishobora kugaragara nk’ibikorerwa inyungu za politiki z’umuntu umwe cyangwa ishyaka rimwe.
Kuri ubu, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ari mu gihe gikomeye cya politiki kurusha mbere hose. Ku ruhande rumwe, ashaka gukomeza kugaragaza ko afite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora igihugu no gushyira mu bikorwa impinduka. Ku rundi ruhande, ibibazo by’umutekano muke, ubukungu bugoye, intambara yo mu burasirazuba ndetse n’impaka ku miterere y’ubutegetsi biri gukomeza gushyira igitutu gikomeye ku buyobozi bwe.
Impungenge ziri kwiyongera ko icyemezo cyo gukora referandumu mu gihe igihugu kigifite ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kuba ikosa rya politiki rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku bumwe bw’igihugu.
Mu gihe bamwe babona referandumu nk’inzira ya demokarasi, abandi bayibona nk’igishobora gufungura amarembo y’akaduruvayo ka politiki ndetse no kongera ibibazo byari bisanzwe biri muri Congo.
Ikigaragara ni uko ejo hazaza ha RDC hashobora guterwa n’uburyo ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa buzafata ibyemezo mu mezi ari imbere, cyane cyane ku bibazo birebana n’ubumwe bw’igihugu, ibiganiro bya politiki n’umutekano w’abaturage bose ba Congo.
