Minembwe Capital News
“Abanyarwanda bo muri Congo”: Amagambo ya Tito Rutaremara asubije ku mugaragaro ikibazo gikomeye cy’Abanyamulenge—Bakomoka he, kandi ni ba nde muri RDC?
Amagambo yavuzwe na Tito Rutaremara, Umuyobozi w’Inama Ngishwanama y’Abakuru b’u Rwanda, ubwo yari mu muhango wo kwibuka Abanyamulenge biciwe mu Gatumba mu Burundi mu 2004, yongeye gukangura impaka ku kibazo cy’Abanyamulenge, amateka yabo n’umwanya bafite muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Mu muhango wabereye i Kigali tariki ya 13/08/2026, wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 22 abiciwe mu Gatumba, Rutaremara yerekeje ku Banyamulenge akoresha imvugo “Abanyarwanda bo muri Congo.”
Iyi mvugo yumvikanye mu buryo butandukanye. Bamwe bayibona nk’imvugo ishobora kongera kubashyira mu mwanya w’abanyamahanga mu gihugu cyabo.
Ariko kugira ngo izi mpaka zumvikane neza, birakenewe ko harebwa amateka y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, aho imipaka y’ibihugu by’uyu munsi itari ihuye neza n’imiterere y’ubwami, ubutware, abaturage n’imyimukire yabayeho mbere y’ubukoloni.
Amateka y’Abanyarwanda n’imipaka y’akarere
Mu mateka y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, ijambo “Banyarwanda” ryagiye rikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’igihe, aho abantu bari batuye ndetse n’imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwariho.
Ni ngombwa kandi gutandukanya ubwenegihugu, inkomoko, ubwoko n’umuco. Kuba umuntu ashobora kuba afite inkomoko cyangwa umuco bifitanye isano n’u Rwanda ntibihita bivuga ko afite ubwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda.
Iri tandukaniro ni ingenzi cyane mu gusobanura ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge, kuko kuba umuntu yaba afite inkomoko y’Abanyarwanda bidakuraho ko ashobora kuba umwenegihugu wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Abanyamulenge bakomoka he?
Amateka y’Abanyamulenge akomeje kuba ingingo y’impaka hagati y’abashakashatsi. Hari abavuga ko inkomoko y’abaturage baje kwitwa Abanyamulenge ifitanye isano n’aborozi b’inka b’Abatutsi bimukiye mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo mu bihe bitandukanye.
Abandi bashakashatsi batanga ibihe bitandukanye by’iyo myimukire, kuva mu binyejana bya mbere kugeza ku kinyejana cya 17.
Raporo n’ubushakashatsi byakozwe ku mateka y’akarere bigaragaza ko hari abashakashatsi benshi bashyira imyimukire ikomeye y’abaturage baje kwitwa Abanyamulenge mu kinyejana cya 17, mu gihe abandi batanga ibimenyetso by’imyimukire yabayeho mbere y’icyo gihe.
Bityo, kuvuga ko “Abanyamulenge batangiye kubaho muri Congo nyuma yo kugabanywa kw’imipaka” byaba ari ugusiga hanze igice cy’impaka z’amateka. Hari amasoko y’amateka ashyira abantu bafatwa nk’abakomokaho muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo mbere ya 1885.
Ariko nanone, kuvuga ko hari igitekerezo kimwe cyamaze kwemezwa n’abashakashatsi bose ntibyaba bihuye n’imiterere y’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka. Igihe nyacyo n’imiterere y’imyimukire ni mu kinyejana cya 15.
Imipaka y’ubukoloni n’ingaruka zayo
Ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge ntigishobora gusobanurwa neza hatavuzwe impinduka z’imipaka zabaye mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19.
Mu gihe cy’ubwami bw’u Rwanda, u Burundi n’ahandi mu karere, ubutegetsi bwari bushingiye ku bwami n’ubutware, kandi imipaka y’ubutegetsi ntiyari imeze nk’imipaka mpuzamahanga y’ibihugu dufite muri iki gihe.
Inama ya Berlin n’amasezerano yakurikiyeho byagize uruhare mu gushyiraho imipaka mishya y’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni. Imipaka ya État Indépendant du Congo yatangiye kugenwa muri icyo gihe, ariko imirongo imwe y’imipaka yakomeje kuganirwaho, kugenwa no kuvugururwa mu myaka yakurikiyeho.
Ni yo mpamvu kuvuga ko 1885 ari wo mwaka wonyine imipaka y’akarere yagabanyiwemo burundu bidatanga ishusho yuzuye y’amateka.
Icy’ingenzi ni uko abantu bari basanzwe batuye muri ako karere batimuwe bose ngo bahuze n’imipaka mishya. Ahubwo bamwe basanze bari mu bihugu bishya byashyizweho cyangwa bigizwe n’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni.
Izina “Abanyamulenge”
Izina Abanyamulenge rifitanye isano n’ahantu hitwa i Mulenge, mu gace ka Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Amateka menshi avuga ko aborozi b’inka b’Abatutsi bageze muri ako karere mu bihe bitandukanye, bashaka ahantu haboneye ubworozi n’inzuri. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, abari batuye i Mulenge barushijeho kumenyekana nk’Abanya-Mulenge, ari na ho havuye izina ryaje gukoreshwa cyane rya Banyamulenge.
Hari inyandiko z’ubushakashatsi zivuga kandi ko izina Abanyamulenge ryari risanzwe rikoreshwa mbere y’uko rihinduka cyane ingingo y’impaka za politiki mu myaka yakurikiye ubwigenge bwa Congo.
Ibi bituma kuvuga ko izina Abanyamulenge ryahimbwe gusa mu myaka ya vuba bidahuye n’amakuru yose aboneka mu nyandiko z’amateka.
Rusizi n’imyimukire y’abaturage
Ikibaya cya Rusizi na cyo ni kimwe mu bice byagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y’imibanire y’abaturage bo mu Rwanda, Burundi na Congo.
Abaturage banyuranye bagiye bahagera mu bihe bitandukanye, bashaka ubutaka bwo guhingaho, ubworozi n’ubucuruzi.
Hari amasoko amwe y’amateka avuga ko aborozi b’inka b’Abatutsi baje kwitwa Abanyamulenge banyuze mu bice bya Rusizi mbere yo kuzamuka berekeza mu misozi y’i Ndondo, Rurambo, Minembwe n’ahandi muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Binavugwa ko Abanyamulenge ko ari bo baturage ba mbere bageze mu kibaya cya Rusizi cyangwa mu misozi ya Uvira mu buryo budasubirwaho. Gusa, ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Uvira bugaragaza ko utundi duce twari dutuwe n’abaturage batandukanye, barimo cyane cyane Abavira, kandi amateka y’imiturire yabo na yo ifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Abanyamulenge nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Congo
Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, cyane cyane nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Congo, Abanyamulenge barushijeho gufata umwanya ugaragara mu mibereho na politiki by’igihugu.
Kwisobanura nk’Abanyamulenge byabaye uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko ari umuryango ufite amateka, umuco n’umwirondoro wihariye muri Congo, aho gukomeza gukoresha gusa izina Banyarwanda, ryashoboraga gusobanurwa nk’irishingiye ku Rwanda.
Izi mpinduka ntizisobanura ko abantu bose bafite inkomoko imwe cyangwa ko amateka yabo ashobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bumwe. Ahubwo zigaragaza uburyo imyirondoro yagiye ihinduka bitewe n’amateka, politiki, ubwenegihugu n’imibanire y’abaturage bo mu karere.
Mu nyandiko z’ubushakashatsi, Abanyamulenge bagaragazwa nk’umuryango w’Abanyekongo wo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, mu gihe ikibazo cy’inkomoko yabo n’igihe bageze muri Congo gikomeje kugibwaho impaka mu mateka.
Gatumba: igikomere gikomeye ku Banyamulenge
Amagambo ya Rutaremara yavugiwe mu muhango wari ufite amateka aremereye cyane.
Tariki ya 13/08/2004, abantu bitwaje intwaro bateye inkambi y’impunzi yari mu Gatumba mu Burundi, yari icumbikiye Abanyekongo bari barahunze imirwano yo muri Congo.
Abantu barenga 160 barishwe. Raporo yakozwe n’inzego za Loni yavuze ko Abanyamulenge 152 bishwe, abandi 106 bagakomereka, mu gihe abandi umunani baburiwe irengero.
Ubu bwicanyi bwabaye kimwe mu bintu bikomeye byasize igikomere ku muryango w’Abanyamulenge, cyane cyane kubera ko abari mu nkambi bari abimuwe n’intambara kandi benshi muri bo bakaba baribasiwe mu buryo bushingiye ku bwoko bwabo.
Tariki ya 13/08/2026, Abanyamulenge baba mu Rwanda n’abandi bitabiriye umuhango wo kwibuka abiciwe mu Gatumba i Kigali, basaba ko abakoze ubwo bwicanyi bashakishwa kandi bakagezwa imbere y’ubutabera.
Ni muri uwo muhango Rutaremara yavuze ku Banyamulenge akoresha imvugo “Abanyarwanda bo muri Congo”, bituma ikibazo cy’umwirondoro, inkomoko n’ubwenegihugu cyongera kuba ingingo ikomeye y’impaka.
Ese ibyabereye mu Gatumba byakwitwa Jenoside?
Mu muhango wo kwibuka, hanagaragajwe impaka zijyanye no kuba ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abanyamulenge mu Gatumba n’ahandi bwakwitwa Jenoside.
Mu rwego rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga, ntabwo buri bwicanyi bwibasira abantu runaka buhita bwitwa Jenoside. Icy’ingenzi ni ukugaragaza umugambi wo kurimbura, mu buryo bwuzuye cyangwa igice, itsinda ririnzwe n’amategeko hashingiwe ku bwoko, ubwenegihugu, inkomoko cyangwa idini, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Ni muri uwo murongo kandi hakwiye gusobanurwa impaka zijyanye n’amagambo Rutaremara yavuze ku bijyanye n’uko kwemera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda byagiye bijyana n’uko intambara yarangiye ndetse n’uko ubutegetsi bushya bwafashe igihugu.
Ku bijyanye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, inzego mpuzamahanga n’ubushakashatsi bwinshi byamaze kuyishyira mu mateka y’ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwakorewe Abatutsi.
Rutaremara na we, yashimangiye ko Jenoside ari icyaha gikorwa n’abantu kandi ko yarangiye binyuze mu bikorwa bya gisirikare by’abantu, cyane cyane RPA.
Inkomoko si ubwenegihugu
Ikintu cy’ingenzi gikwiye kuzirikanwa muri izi mpaka ni uko inkomoko y’umuryango n’ubwenegihugu atari ibintu bimwe.
Umuntu ashobora kuba afite inkomoko y’Abanyarwanda ariko akaba umwenegihugu wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, umuntu ufite inkomoko y’Abanyekongo ashobora kuba umwenegihugu w’ikindi gihugu.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge gikwiye kuganirwaho hashingiwe ku mategeko y’ubwenegihugu, amateka, uburenganzira bwa muntu n’imiterere y’igihugu, aho gukoresha gusa inkomoko y’umuntu nk’impamvu yo kumwambura cyangwa kwihakana ubwenegihugu bwe.
Raporo n’ubushakashatsi ku Banyamulenge bigaragaza ko ikibazo cyabo cyagiye gihuzwa cyane n’impaka zijyanye no kuba ari “abaturage kavukire” cyangwa “abimukira”, ariko kandi izo mpaka zagiye zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano no ku burenganzira bwabo muri Congo.
Amagambo ya Tito Rutaremara yongeye gukangura ikibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi: Abanyamulenge ni bande, bakomoka he, kandi ni ba nde muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo?
Igisubizo cy’amateka nticyoroshye nk’uko impande zimwe zikunze kukigaragaza. Hari ibimenyetso by’amateka bishyira Abanyamulenge bo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo mbere y’ishyirwaho ry’imipaka y’ubukoloni, ariko igihe nyacyo n’imiterere y’iyo myimukire bikomeje kugibwaho impaka hagati y’abashakashatsi. Ariko ukuri nuko bageze mu misozi y’i Mulenge mbere y’uko undi muntu uwo ari we wese ayigeraho mu kinyejana cya 15.
Hari ibitekerezo bishyira imwe mu myimukire y’Abanyarwanda bambutse Rusizi mu binyejana bya mbere, harimo n’ibyerekana ikinyejana cya 15, ariko ayo matariki ntahurizwaho n’ubushakashatsi bwose. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kutavuga nk’ukuri kudashidikanywaho ikintu kikiri mu mpaka z’amateka.
Ku bijyanye na Gatumba, ibyabaye tariki ya 13/08/2004 bikomeje kuba igikomere gikomeye ku muryango w’Abanyamulenge. Nyuma y’imyaka 22, ikibazo cy’ubutabera ku bahohotewe n’abasize ubuzima muri ubwo bwicanyi kiracyari ingingo ikomeye kandi itarasubizwa mu buryo bushimisha imiryango y’abahohotewe.
Kuba impaka ku mvugo “Abanyarwanda bo muri Congo” zongeye kuvuka mu muhango wo kwibuka abiciwe mu Gatumba bigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’umwirondoro, ubwenegihugu n’umutekano w’Abanyamulenge kigikomeje kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye kandi byoroshye gukomeretsamo muri politiki y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Icyakora, mu gihe izi mpaka zikomeje, icy’ingenzi ni uko amateka akwiye kwigwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso, ubushakashatsi n’inyandiko zitandukanye, mu gihe ubwenegihugu n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage bikwiye gusuzumwa hashingiwe ku mategeko, aho kubishingira gusa ku nkomoko cyangwa ku myirondoro.
Minembwe Capital News
