Amerika Yahinduye Umurongo wa Politiki muri Afrika
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangaje impinduka ikomeye kandi itunguranye muri politiki yayo yo hanze, by’umwihariko ku bihugu bitatu byo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba bikomeje guhangana n’inyeshyamba z’imitwe y’abahezanguni biyitirira idini ya Islamu, kandi bigategekwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwafashe ubutegetsi binyuze muri kudeta za gisirikare.
Ibi bihugu birimo Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger, byafashe icyemezo gikomeye mu myaka ishize cyo guhagarika ubufatanye bwa gisirikare n’Ubufaransa, bwari bumaze imyaka myinshi bufite ijambo rikomeye mu mutekano w’akarere ka Sahel, ahubwo bigahitamo kwiyegereza u Burusiya, cyane cyane binyuze mu bufatanye bwa gisirikare n’imitwe y’abacanshuro nka Wagner.
Mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ibiro bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga (State Department), byemejwe ko Nick Checker, umukuru w’ishami rishinzwe Afurika muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Amerika, azagirira uruzinduko rw’akazi mu murwa mukuru wa Mali, Bamako. Intego nyamukuru y’uru ruzinduko ni ukuganira n’abayobozi bakuru b’iki gihugu ku cyerekezo gishya cy’imikoranire, no kugeza ubutumwa bugaragaza ko Amerika “yubaha byimazeyo ubwigenge bwa Mali n’uburenganzira bwayo bwo kwifatira ibyemezo byigenga.”
Itangazo rikomeza rivuga ko uru ruzinduko rugamije no gutangiza “inzira nshya” mu mubano w’ibihugu byombi, aho Amerika yemera ko habayeho “amakosa ya politiki yakozwe mu bihe byashize,” cyane cyane mu buryo Mali n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Sahel byumvaga ko bititabwaho cyangwa bigashyirwaho igitutu mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere n’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, akarere ka Sahel kahindutse indiri y’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano, aho imitwe yitwaje intwaro iharanira amahame akaze ya Islamu yiyongera umunsi ku wundi, ikibasira abaturage, ingabo za Leta n’ibikorwaremezo by’ingenzi. Nubwo Ubufaransa n’ibihugu by’iburayi byari byaratangije ibikorwa bya gisirikare nka “Operation Barkhane,” abaturage benshi bo muri aka karere bagiye bagaragaza ko ibyo bikorwa bitatanze umutekano urambye, ahubwo bikarushaho kongera umwuka wo kutizera amahanga.
Kuva mu 2020, Mali yagize kudeta ebyiri za gisirikare, bikurikirwa na Burkina Faso na Niger, ibintu byatumye umubano w’ibi bihugu n’ibihugu byo mu Burayi n’Amerika uhungabana bikomeye. Amerika yahise ihagarika bimwe mu bikorwa by’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare, hashingiwe ku mategeko yayo abuza gukorana n’ubutegetsi bwavuye muri kudeta.
Iyi mpinduka nshya ya Amerika igaragara nk’igerageza ryo kongera kugarura ijambo n’uruhare rwayo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba, mu gihe u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa bikomeje kwagura ingaruka zabyo muri aka karere. Bibonwa ko Washington ishaka kwirinda gutakaza burundu icyuho cy’ubufatanye n’ibi bihugu, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’umutekano, kurwanya iterabwoba, no gucunga inyungu zayo z’igihe kirekire muri Afurika.
Nubwo Amerika ikomeza gushimangira indangagaciro zayo zirimo demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, iri ryoroshya imvugo yayo, igashyira imbere ibiganiro, ubwubahane n’inyungu rusange, aho gushyira igitutu gikabije ku butegetsi bwa gisirikare buriho.
Iyi “nzira nshya” ya Amerika ishobora kuba intangiriro y’igihe gishya mu mubano wayo n’ibihugu byo muri Sahel, ariko igisigaye ni ukureba niba izavamo umutekano urambye n’iterambere abaturage bo muri aka karere bamaze igihe kirekire bategereje.
