Minembwe i La Haye: Ese ubutabera mpuzamahanga bugiye gusuzuma ibirego by’Abanyamulenge? Gira ibyo umenya kuri iyi dosiye
Kuva ku buhamya bw’abahohotewe, ku manza zatanzwe muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), kugeza ku nyandiko zagejejwe ku Biro by’Umushinjacyaha w’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga (CPI/ICC) i La Haye, ikibazo cya Minembwe kirimo gufata indi ntera.
Tariki ya 14/08/2026, abahagarariye bamwe mu Banyamulenge bo mu gace ka Minembwe, babinyujije mu itsinda ry’abanyamategeko riyobowe na Me Bernard Maingain, bagejeje ku Biro by’Umushinjacyaha wa CPI i La Haye amakuru n’ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n’ibyaha bavuga ko byakorewe abaturage b’Abanyamulenge.
Iyi ntambwe ntiyafashwe mu buryo bw’impfubyi. Ije nyuma y’imyaka y’ubuhamya, gukusanya inyandiko, gutanga ibirego no gushaka ubutabera imbere y’inzego za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Icyakora, Minembwe Capital News (MCN) iributsa ko kugeza ubu kugeza amakuru kuri CPI atari icyemezo cy’uko Urukiko rwamaze kwemeza ko ibyo byaha byakozwe, cyangwa ko rwatangiye urubanza ku Banyamulenge. Ni ugushyikiriza Umushinjacyaha amakuru n’ibimenyetso ashobora gusuzuma hakurikijwe amategeko agenga Urukiko.
Ingingo ya 15 ya Statut ya Roma: Ni iki ibivugaho?
Mu mategeko ya Roma ashyiraho CPI, Ingingo ya 15 iha Umushinjacyaha ububasha bwo kwakira no gusesengura amakuru atanzwe n’abantu, imiryango cyangwa andi masoko ku byaha bishobora kuba biri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko.
Umushinjacyaha agomba gusuzuma uburemere, ukuri n’akamaro k’amakuru yakiriye mbere yo gufata icyemezo ku niba hari ishingiro rihagije ryo gukomeza iperereza.
Ibi bivuze ko kuba dosiye yarageze i La Haye bidahita bivuga ko CPI yemeje ibirego. Ahubwo bivuze ko ibirego n’ibimenyetso byashyizwe imbere y’urwego rushobora kubisesengura mu rwego rw’amategeko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga.
RDC imaze igihe ifitanye umubano na CPI
RDC si igihugu kitigeze kigirana umubano n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga.
Leta ya RDC yagejeje ikibazo cy’ibyaha byakorewe ku butaka bwayo kuri CPI mu 2004, maze Umushinjacyaha atangiza iperereza muri Kamena uwo mwaka.
Mu 2023, RDC yongeye kugeza ku Rukiko ikibazo kijyanye n’ibyaha bivugwa ko byakorewe muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru kuva mu 2022. CPI yatangaje ko kongera ibikorwa by’iperereza muri RDC byahawe umwihariko, cyane cyane ku byaha bikekwa kuba byarakorewe muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Me Bernard Maingain n’ibirego by’abahohotewe
Nk’uko bigaragara mu mateka y’iyi dosiye, Me Bernard Maingain yatangiye gukorana n’abahohotewe ndetse n’imiryango ya sosiyete sivile ifitanye isano na Minembwe mu gukusanya ubuhamya no gutegura ibirego.
Abunganira abahohotewe bavuga ko kuva mu 2020 hakusanyijwe ubuhamya bwinshi, harimo ibirebana n’ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi, iyicarubozo, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, kwimurwa ku ngufu no gusenywa kw’imibereho y’abaturage.
Mu 2025, Me Maingain yavuze ko itsinda ry’abanyamategeko ryari rimaze kugeza ibirego byinshi mu nzego z’ubutabera bwa RDC, cyane cyane i Bukavu na Kinshasa, ariko ko, ku bwabo, bitari byarabyaye ibikorwa bifatika by’ubutabera byari bitegerejwe.
Aha ni ho ikibazo cya Minembwe gitangira guhindura isura: kuva ku birego by’abantu ku giti cyabo no ku rwego rw’igihugu, kikerekeza ku rwego rw’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.
Ifungwa ry’imihanda n’amayira ajya cyangwa ava muri Minembwe
Muri iyi dosiye, ikibazo cy’ifungwa ry’imihanda n’amayira ajya cyangwa ava muri Minembwe gifite umwanya ukomeye.
Mu kwezi kwa cumi 2025, sosiyete sivile yatangaje ko abaturage bo muri Minembwe, cyane cyane Abanyamulenge, babujijwe n’abasirikare b’u Burundi kugera ku masoko arimo irya Bijombo kugira ngo bagure ibiribwa n’ibindi bikoresho by’ibanze.
Mu kwezi kwa cumi n’umwe 2025, abaturage ba Minembwe bakoze imyigaragambyo bavuga ko inzira zijya ku masoko zafunzwe, bigatuma kubona umunyu, isukari, isabune, imiti n’ibindi bikoresho by’ibanze bigorana.
Ibi byatumye bamwe babyita “blocus humanitaire”, cyangwa gufunga abaturage inzira z’ubuzima bw’ibanze.
Ikibazo cyarushijeho gukomera nyuma y’amagambo yavuzwe na Brigadier General Gaspard Baratuza, Umuvugizi w’Ingabo z’u Burundi, mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC, aho yasobanuye ko abaturage bari mu bice bifatwa nk’ibirimo umwanzi bashobora kubuzwa kugenda, cyane cyane iyo bagiye gushaka ibiribwa bishobora kugera ku ruhande rw’umwanzi. Aya magambo yagiye asubirwamo n’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye.
Ariko ku rundi ruhande, ubuyobozi bw’u Burundi bwagiye buhakana ibirego bivuga ko ingabo zabwo ziri gukora ihohoterwa rigamije Abanyamulenge, busobanura ko ibikorwa by’ingabo zabwo biri mu rwego rwo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no gufasha inzego za RDC.
Ibi ni ingenzi kuko mu rwego rw’ubutabera mpuzamahanga, amagambo y’impande zitandukanye adahagije ubwawo. Agomba kugereranywa n’ibindi bimenyetso, inyandiko, amashusho, ubuhamya n’amakuru yigenga.
Raporo za Loni na zo ziri muri iyi dosiye
Dosiye ya Minembwe ntabwo ishingiye gusa ku buhamya bw’abaturage cyangwa ku banyamategeko babo.
Raporo y’itsinda ry’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kuri RDC yasohotse mu 2025 yagarutse ku mirwano yakomeje kubera mu bice by’i Mulenge, harimo imirwano yahuje MRDP-Twirwaneho n’ingabo z’u Burundi, FARDC, Wazalendo na FDLR.
Iyo raporo kandi yavuze ko inzira n’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi n’itangwa ry’ibikoresho byari bigenewe abaturage b’Abanyamulenge bo mu misozi y’i Mulenge muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo byasenyutse, bigatuma aka gace gakomeza guhura n’icyo raporo yise “economic strangulation”, ni ukuvuga gucika intege bikomeye kw’ubukungu n’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi.
Ibi bishobora kugira akamaro mu gihe abashinzwe ubutabera basuzuma niba ibibazo byabaye ari ibikorwa byihariye kandi bitandukanye, cyangwa niba hari imiterere y’ibikorwa byasubiwemo kandi byagize ingaruka ku baturage benshi.
Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu cyangwa Jenoside: Ni iki amategeko asaba?
Abunganira bamwe mu Banyamulenge bamaze igihe bavuga ku byaha bishobora kuba bigize crimes against humanity, cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, ndetse bamwe bakavuga ku kaga ko ibikorwa byibasira Abanyamulenge bishobora kugira isura y’ibikorwa bishingiye ku bwoko.
Ariko aha ni ho itandukaniro hagati y’ubunyamakuru n’ubutabera rigaragara cyane.
Kuvuga ko habaye Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu cyangwa ibyaha by’intambara si kimwe no kubyemeza mu buryo bw’amategeko.
Urukiko cyangwa Umushinjacyaha ni bo bagomba gusuzuma niba ibikorwa byabaye bihura n’ibisobanuro bisabwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga, niba byakorewe mu buryo bwagutse cyangwa buteguye, niba byari bigamije itsinda runaka, ndetse n’uko inshingano za buri muntu zishobora kugenwa.
CPI ishinzwe gukurikirana abantu ku giti cyabo ku byaha bya Jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, ibyaha by’intambara n’icyaha cy’ubugizi bwa nabi bwo gutera ikindi gihugu.
Ni aha aho intambwe yo ku itariki ya 14/08/2026 ishobora kugira akamaro gakomeye.
Minembwe: Kuva ku mpaka za politiki kugera ku bimenyetso
Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge cyagiye kigibwaho impaka zikomeye mu rwego rwa politiki, mu itangazamakuru no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Uruhande rumwe ruvuga ko Abanyamulenge bamaze igihe bibasirwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwabo, mu gihe izindi mpande zishinja imitwe yitwaje intwaro ifitanye isano n’Abanyamulenge kuba igira uruhare mu ntambara n’ibikorwa by’umutekano muke.
Aha ni ho ubuhamya bw’abahohotewe, inyandiko z’ibirego, raporo za Loni, amashusho ya satellite, amakuru y’ibitangazamakuru, inyandiko za gisirikare, inyandiko z’ubuyobozi ndetse n’ibindi bimenyetso bishobora guhurizwa hamwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri.
Urugero, Centre for Information Resilience yasesenguye amashusho ya satellite ajyanye n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare bikikije Minembwe mu mpera za 2025, mu gihe raporo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye na zo zagarutse ku ihungabana ry’inzira n’imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa bigera ku baturage bo muri Minembwe.
Kugeza dosiye i La Haye si ukuvuga ko urubanza rwatangiye
Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zikomeye abaturage bagomba kumva.
Kugeza amakuru kuri CPI ntibihita bivuga ko urubanza rwatangiye.
Mu gihe Umushinjacyaha yakira amakuru, agomba kubanza kuyasesengura, gushaka andi makuru, kureba niba hari ishingiro rihagije, no gusuzuma ibindi bisabwa n’amategeko. Ingingo ya 15 ya Statut ya Roma iteganya iyo nzira.
Bityo, intambwe y’Abanyamulenge yo kugeza dosiye i La Haye ishobora gufatwa nk’intambwe y’ingenzi mu rugendo rw’ubutabera, ariko ntabwo ari iherezo ry’urubanza.
Ndetse n’iyo CPI yakomeza gusuzuma dosiye, ikibazo cy’uwaba afite inshingano ku byaha runaka na cyo cyasaba ibimenyetso bihagije.
Mu mategeko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga, inshingano ntabwo ihabwa abaturage bose, ubwoko cyangwa igihugu muri rusange; harebwa abantu ku giti cyabo, ibikorwa byabo n’uruhare rwabo.
Ese La Haye ishobora gufata indi ntambwe?
Ikibazo gikomeye ubu ni ukumenya niba amakuru n’ibimenyetso byashyikirijwe Biro by’Umushinjacyaha bizaba bihagije kugira ngo habeho indi ntambwe y’iperereza.
Niba hari ibimenyetso bifatika, byizewe kandi bihagije, bishobora gutuma ibirego bya Minembwe bisuzumwa mu buryo burambuye kurushaho.
Niba bitageze ku rwego rusabwa n’amategeko, bishobora kutabyara iperereza cyangwa gukurikirana abantu runaka.
Icyakora, kuba ikibazo cya Minembwe kigeze ku rwego rwo gushyikirizwa Biro by’Umushinjacyaha wa CPI ubwabyo ni impinduka ikomeye mu mateka y’iyi dosiye.
Mu myaka ishize, Abanyamulenge n’ababunganira bagiye bavuga ko ibirego byinshi byashyikirijwe inzego z’ubutabera muri RDC ariko ko bitatanze ibisubizo bari biteze. Ubu bareba i La Haye nk’ahandi hashobora gutangirwa isuzuma ryigenga rishingiye ku mategeko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga.
Umwanzuro: Ikibazo cya Minembwe kigeze mu yindi ntera
Ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge bo muri Minembwe ubu kirimo kuva mu rwego rw’impaka za politiki gusa, kijya mu rwego rushobora gusuzumwa n’amategeko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga.
Kuva ku buhamya bw’abaturage, ku birego byatanzwe muri RDC, ku bibazo by’umutekano n’ubutabazi, ku byerekeye ifungwa ry’imihanda n’amasoko, kugeza kuri raporo mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bihari, dosiye iragenda yubakwa mu buryo bushobora gutuma isuzumwa n’inzego ziri hanze ya RDC.
Ariko igisubizo cya La Haye ntikizashingira ku marangamutima cyangwa ku mbaraga z’amagambo. Kizashingira ku bimenyetso.
Niba ibirego bizagaragaza ibikorwa bihuye n’ibyaha biteganywa na Statut ya Roma, kandi hakaboneka ibimenyetso bihagije bishobora guhuza ibyo bikorwa n’abantu babigizemo uruhare, icyo gihe ikibazo cya Minembwe gishobora gufata indi ntera mu mateka y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.
Kugeza icyo gihe, ikibazo gikomeza kuba kimwe:
Nyuma y’imyaka y’ibirego, ubuhamya n’impuruza z’abaturage — ese La Haye izafungura amarembo yayo kugira ngo yumve ibyo Minembwe imaze imyaka igerageza kugeza ku isi?
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