Amerika Yatangaje Impinduka Zikomeye muri OTAN: Ese u Burayi Bwiteguye Kwirwanaho Budashingiye kuri Washington?
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangaje ko zitazongera gukomeza gutanga umusanzu uruta uw’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubutabarane wa OTAN (NATO), zishimangira ko igihe kigeze kugira ngo buri gihugu cyikorere umutwaro wacyo mu kurinda umutekano no gutanga umusanzu ungana n’uw’abandi.
Ibi byatangajwe na Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa Amerika, Pete Hegseth, mu nama mpuzamahanga y’umutekano yabereye muri Singapore, aho yagaragaje ko Washington ishaka gushyiraho uburyo bushya bw’imikoranire bushingiye ku gusaranganya inshingano hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa, aho kuba igihugu kimwe ari cyo giheka ibindi byose.
Pete Hegseth yavuze ko igihe Amerika yari isanzwe yikorera umutwaro munini wo kurinda ibihugu bikize byo mu Burayi cyarangiye, ashimangira ko igihugu cye gikeneye abafatanyabikorwa bafite uruhare rugaragara aho kuba abishingikiriza kuri cyo.
Yagize ati: “Igihe cya Amerika cyo guheka ibihugu bikize cyararangiye. Dukeneye abafatanyabikorwa, ntidukeneye abatwishingikirizaho. Dushaka abo dufatanya mu buryo bwo gusangira inshingano aho kudushingiraho.”
Uyu muyobozi yasobanuye ko Amerika ishaka kugabanya amafaranga yashoraga mu bikorwa bya OTAN no mu mutekano w’u Burayi, kugira ngo iyashyire mu bindi bice ifitemo inyungu zifatika, cyane cyane mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika, aho ihanganye n’izamuka ry’imbaraga z’u Bushinwa mu rwego rwa gisirikare, ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga.
Mu myaka ishize, Washington yakomeje kubona ko ikibazo cy’umutekano ku rwego mpuzamahanga kigenda gihinduka, bityo igasanga ari ngombwa kwimurira imbaraga nyinshi mu guhangana n’ibihugu biyifata nk’abahanganye na yo ku rwego rw’isi, cyane cyane u Bushinwa.
OTAN (Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord/NATO) yashinzwe tariki ya 04/04/1949 nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose. Yari igamije guhuza ibihugu byo muri Amerika ya Ruguru n’u Burayi kugira ngo birwaneho mu buryo bwa rusange mu gihe kimwe muri byo cyaterwa.
Ihame rikomeye ry’uyu muryango rishingiye ku ngingo ya gatanu (Article 5), ivuga ko igitero gikorewe igihugu kimwe kigize OTAN gifatwa nk’igitero gikorewe ibindi byose.
Uyu muryango watangiranye ibihugu 12 gusa, ariko kuri ubu ugizwe n’ibihugu 32, birimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, u Budage, Turukiya, Poland n’ibindi byinshi byo ku mugabane w’u Burayi.
Kuva washingwa, Amerika yakomeje kuba umuterankunga mukuru wa OTAN, ndetse inatanga igice kinini cy’ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bukenerwa mu bikorwa by’uyu muryango.
Iki cyemezo cya Amerika kije mu gihe hamaze imyaka myinshi habaho kutumvikana hagati ya Washington n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bo mu Burayi ku bijyanye n’ingengo y’imari igenerwa umutekano.
Mu nama yabaye mu 2014, ibihugu bigize OTAN byemeranyije ko buri gihugu kigomba gutanga nibura 2% by’umusaruro mbumbe wacyo (GDP) mu rwego rw’umutekano. Icyakora, ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi byatinze cyane kugera kuri iyo ntego.
Mu mwaka wa 2025 ni bwo bwa mbere OTAN yatangaje ko ibihugu byose 32 biyigize byari bimaze kugera kuri uwo mwanzuro wo gutanga nibura 2% bya GDP mu rwego rw’umutekano. Nubwo bimeze bityo, Amerika yakomeje gutanga umusanzu munini cyane kuko yatanze hagati ya 60% na 62% by’ingengo y’imari yose y’uyu muryango.
Perezida Donald Trump na we yakomeje kunenga ibihugu by’u Burayi, avuga ko bikomeje kwishingikiriza cyane kuri Amerika. Yanasabye ko bitarenze umwaka wa 2035, buri gihugu cyaba gitanga nibura 5% bya GDP mu rwego rw’umutekano, nubwo ibihugu byinshi byagaragaje ko uwo mubare ushobora kugorana kuwugeraho.
Abasesenguzi mu bya politiki n’umutekano bagaragaza ko kugabanya umusanzu wa Amerika muri OTAN bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’uyu muryango no ku mutekano w’u Burayi muri rusange.
Mu ngaruka zishobora kugaragara harimo:
- Kongera umutwaro ku bihugu by’u Burayi, bikazisanga bisabwa kongera cyane amafaranga bishora mu gisirikare no mu mutekano.
- Guhindura imiterere y’imikoranire muri OTAN, aho ibihugu by’i Burayi byarushaho kwigenga mu by’umutekano aho kwishingikiriza kuri Washington.
- Kongera intege nke mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano birimo intambara iri muri Ukraine ndetse n’indi mitwe ihungabanya umutekano ku mugabane w’u Burayi.
- Kongera amarushanwa hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi, cyane cyane hagati ya Amerika, u Bushinwa n’u Burusiya.
- Kuvuka kw’ibitekerezo byo gushinga uburyo bushya bw’ubwirinzi bw’u Burayi budashingira cyane kuri Amerika, nk’uko byagiye bivugwa n’abayobozi bamwe bo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU).
Nubwo Amerika itaratangaza ko ishaka kuva muri OTAN, amagambo ya Pete Hegseth agaragaza impinduka zikomeye muri politiki y’umutekano ya Washington. Ni ubutumwa bwerekana ko Amerika ishaka ko ibihugu by’u Burayi bifata iya mbere mu kwirindira umutekano no gutanga umusanzu munini kurushaho.
Mu gihe isi ikomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’umutekano birimo intambara yo muri Ukraine, amakimbirane yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati ndetse n’ihangana rikomeje kwiyongera hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa, impinduka zose ziba muri OTAN zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano mpuzamahanga.
Icyakora, ikigaragara ni uko umubano hagati ya Amerika n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bo mu Burayi uri kwinjira mu cyiciro gishya, aho uruhare rwa buri gihugu mu mutekano rusabwa kongerwa kugira ngo OTAN ikomeze kuba umwe mu miryango ikomeye cyane mu by’umutekano ku isi.
