AU: Uburyo Yashyizeho bwo Gushaka Amahoro muri RDC Bwagezweho Kugeza He? Menya Ibitaragerwaho n’Ibikenewe ngo Intambara Irangire Burundu

Mu kwezi kwa Mbere 2026, Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) watangije impinduka zikomeye mu buryo bwo gushaka amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), aho intambara ihanganishije Ingabo za Leta (FARDC), ihuriro rya Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC/M23) ndetse na MRDP-Twirwaneho irwanirira abaturage bo mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Izi mpinduka zatangajwe nyuma y’inama yabereye i Lomé muri Togo tariki ya 16 na 17/01/2026, yahuje abayobozi ba AU, imiryango y’uturere twa Afurika n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Intego yari ugushaka uburyo bushya bwo guhuza ibikorwa by’amahoro nyuma y’uko inzira zari zisanzwe zikoreshwa zigaragaje intege nke mu gukemura iki kibazo.

Mu myaka ishize, ibikorwa byo guhuza impande zihanganye byakorwaga binyuze mu nzira zitandukanye zirimo iza EAC, SADC, ICGLR n’izindi gahunda zashyigikirwaga n’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Nubwo habaye ibiganiro byinshi, amasezerano y’agahenge n’imyanzuro itandukanye, imirwano yakomeje kwiyongera aho kugabanuka.

AU yasanze ikibazo gikomeye cyari uko habagaho abahuza benshi bafite inshingano zihurirana, bigatuma imyanzuro imwe idashyirwa mu bikorwa cyangwa igatinda kubera kutagira umurongo umwe uyobora ibikorwa byose. Ni muri urwo rwego hafashwe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho uburyo bushya bushingiye ku nshingano zisobanutse no ku buyobozi bumwe.

Muri iyo gahunda nshya, Perezida wa Togo, Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé, yagizwe umuhuza mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa byose byo gushaka amahoro muri RDC.

Yahawe inshingano zo guhuza ibikorwa by’abahuza bose, gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imyanzuro no guhuza ibikorwa bya dipolomasi hagati y’impande zose zirebwa n’iki kibazo.

Mu rwego rwo gutuma buri rwego rw’ikibazo rukurikiranwa by’umwihariko, AU yashyizeho itsinda ry’abahuza bafite uburambe bukomeye.

Olusegun Obasanjo, wahoze ari Perezida wa Nigeria, yahawe gukurikirana ibibazo bya gisirikare, agahenge n’ivugururwa ry’inzego z’umutekano.

Uhuru Kenyatta, wahoze ayobora Kenya, yahawe kuyobora ibiganiro bya politiki hagati ya Leta ya RDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Sahle-Work Zewde, wahoze ari Perezida wa Ethiopia, yahawe gukurikirana ibibazo by’impunzi n’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi.

Dr. Mokgweetsi Masisi, wahoze ayobora Botswana, yashinzwe gukurikirana ibibazo by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi bifitanye isano n’umutungo kamere wo mu karere.

Catherine Samba-Panza, wahoze ayobora Centrafrique, yashinzwe ibikorwa by’ubwiyunge, uruhare rwa sosiyete sivile n’abagore mu kubaka amahoro.

Ibyagezweho Kugeza Ubu

Nubwo intambara igikomeje, hari intambwe zimwe zigaragara ko zagezweho.

Icya mbere ni uko habonetse umurongo umwe wo guhuza ibikorwa byari bisanzwe bikorwa n’inzego nyinshi. Ibi byagabanyije urujijo rwajyaga rugaragara hagati ya gahunda za EAC, SADC na AU.

Icya kabiri, habayeho kongera ibiganiro bya dipolomasi hagati y’ibihugu byo mu karere ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga, bituma ikibazo cya RDC gikomeza guhabwa umwanya mu biganiro mpuzamahanga.

Icya gatatu, ikibazo cy’impunzi n’abimuwe n’intambara cyashyizwe mu byihutirwa, bituma ibikorwa byo gushaka inkunga y’ubutabazi byongerwa.

Ibitaragerwaho

Nubwo habaye impinduka mu rwego rw’ubuhuza, ibibazo by’ingenzi byateje amakimbirane ntibirakemuka.

Imirwano hagati ya FARDC, AFC/M23 na MRDP-Twirwaneho irakomeje mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Hari n’aho habayeho kurenga ku masezerano y’agahenge yatangajwe inshuro nyinshi.

Abaturage ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bakomeje guhunga ingo zabo, mu gihe ibikorwa by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi bikomeje guhungabana.

Ikindi ni uko impande zose zitaragaragaza icyizere kimwe ku nzira z’ibiganiro. Hari aho hakomeje kumvikana kutumvikana ku ngingo z’ingenzi zirimo umutekano, imiyoborere y’uturere n’izindi ngingo zifitanye isano n’inkomoko y’aya makimbirane.

Ni Iki Kigomba Gukorwa Kugira ngo Amahoro Aboneke?

Abasesenguzi bemeza ko impinduka zakozwe na AU zonyine zidahagije kugira ngo amahoro arambye aboneke.

Icya mbere, hakenewe ko impande zose zihanganye zubahiriza amasezerano y’agahenge kandi zigahagarika ibikorwa bya gisirikare bishobora gusubiza inyuma ibiganiro.

Icya kabiri, ibiganiro bya politiki bigomba gukomeza kandi bikitabirwa n’impande zose bireba, harimo AFC/M23, Leta ya RDC, MRDP-Twirwaneho n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro yemera ibiganiro, ndetse n’abahagarariye abaturage.

Icya gatatu, ibihugu byo mu karere bigomba gukomeza gufatanya mu gukuraho impamvu zitiza umurindi amakimbirane, zirimo ubucuruzi butemewe bw’umutungo kamere n’ibibazo by’umutekano ku mipaka.

Icya kane, hakenewe gahunda ifatika yo gusubiza impunzi n’abimuwe n’intambara mu byabo, kubaka ibikorwa remezo byangiritse no guha abaturage amahirwe y’iterambere. Abanyazwe imitungo yabo na bo bagomba guhabwa ubutabera no gusubizwa ibyo bambuwe aho bishoboka.

Impinduka zatangijwe na AU mu kwezi kwa mbere 2026 zifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye mu gushaka umuti w’ibibazo byo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC. Ariko abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko amahoro nyakuri atazava gusa mu guhindura abahuza cyangwa imiterere y’ibiganiro.

Amahoro arambye azaterwa cyane n’ubushake bwa politiki bwa Leta ya RDC, AFC/M23, ibihugu byo mu karere n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga bwo gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage aho gushyira imbere inyungu za gisirikare cyangwa iza politiki.

Mu gihe gahunda nshya ya AU ikomeje gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abanyekongo, cyane cyane abo mu Burasirazuba bw’igihugu barimo n’Abanyamulenge, bakomeje kureba niba koko izashobora guhindura amateka y’iyi ntambara imaze imyaka myinshi ihungabanya ubuzima bwa miliyoni z’abaturage no kugarura amahoro arambye mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.