Kuki Isi Icecetse? Isesengura ku Birego by’Ihohoterwa Abanyamulenge Bavuga ko Bamazemo Imyaka Myinshi
Mu gihe isi ikomeje kwibanda ku ntambara n’amakimbirane ari kubera mu bice bitandukanye by’isi, hari ijwi rikomeje kumvikana mu Banyamulenge no mu miryango yabo, ribaza impamvu ikibazo bavuga ko bamazemo imyaka myinshi kidahabwa umwanya uhagije ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Abantu batandukanye bakomoka mu bwoko bw’Abanyamulenge bakomeje kwibaza impamvu amahanga atagaragaza ubushake busesuye bwo gukora iperereza ryigenga ku byaha bavuga ko bimaze imyaka myinshi bikorwa mu bice bya Kivu y’Epfo no mu tundi duce two mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Nk’uko bamwe mu banyamateka b’akarere babigaragaza, ibibazo by’umutekano n’amakimbirane byagiye bifata isura yihariye ku Banyamulenge kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, cyane cyane nyuma y’imvururu zatangiye mu 1964.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu, uburenganzira ku butaka, guhagararirwa muri politiki ndetse n’umutekano w’abaturage byakomeje kuba imwe mu nkomoko y’amakimbirane hagati y’amoko n’amatsinda atandukanye atuye muri Kivu y’Epfo.
Ariko kuva mu mwaka wa 2017, amakuru menshi yakomeje gutangazwa n’imiryango y’Abanyamulenge avuga ko ibikorwa by’urugomo byafashe indi ntera, birimo kwicwa kw’abaturage, gutwikirwa imihana, kunyagwa amatungo ndetse no kwimurwa ku gahato kw’abaturage.
Hari amazina yagiye avugwa mu makuru atandukanye y’abishwe cyangwa bahohotewe, barimo abasirikare n’abasivili. Icyakora, byinshi muri ibyo birego biracyasaba iperereza ryigenga kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri kwabyo n’ababigizemo uruhare.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeje kugarukwaho ni impamvu imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, harimo n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (ONU), itagaragara nk’ivuga byinshi ku bibazo bivugwa n’Abanyamulenge.
Ababikurikiranira hafi bavuga ko amakimbirane yo muri RDC akunze kureberwa mu ishusho rusange y’intambara zibera mu Burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu, bigatuma ibibazo birebana n’amoko amwe y’abaturage bidahabwa umwihariko uhagije.
Abandi bavuga ko hakenewe iperereza ryimbitse kandi ryigenga kugira ngo hamenyekane niba koko ibyaha bivugwa bifite ishingiro n’urwego byagezeho.
Nyuma y’Amahano y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose
Nyuma y’amahano y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose n’iyicwa ry’Abayahudi (Holocaust), amahanga yashyizeho amasezerano atandukanye agamije kurinda ko ibyaha nk’ibyo byazongera kuba.
- Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Ryemejwe tariki ya 10/12/1948.
Ryemejwe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye i Paris mu Bufaransa.
Rigamije kurinda uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa buri muntu, hatitawe ku bwoko, inkomoko cyangwa imyemerere.
- Amasezerano yo Kurwanya Jenoside (Genocide Convention)
Yemejwe tariki ya 09/12/1948.
Yashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.
Agamije gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside aho cyaba kibaye hose ku isi.
- Amasezerano ya Genève yo mu 1949
Yasinyiwe i Genève mu Busuwisi.
Agamije kurengera abasivili n’abatagira uruhare mu ntambara.
- Rome Statute Yashyizeho Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICC)
Yasinyiwe i Roma mu Butaliyani tariki ya 17/07/1998.
Yashyizeho urwego rushinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha bya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha by’intambara.
Isomo Isi Yakuye muri Jenoside Zitandukanye
Nyuma ya Holocaust yahitanye Abayahudi bagera kuri miliyoni esheshatu hagati ya 1941 na 1945, amahanga yiyemeje ko “bitazongera kuba” (Never Again).
Nyuma yaho, isi yongeye guhura n’andi mahano arimo:
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994;
Jenoside yabereye i Srebrenica muri Bosnia mu 1995;
Ubwicanyi bwibasiye abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye mu bice bitandukanye by’isi.
Ibi byose byatumye amahanga yongera gushimangira ko abaturage batagomba kwicwa cyangwa gutotezwa bazira ubwoko bwabo, idini ryabo cyangwa inkomoko yabo.
Ese Ibivugwa ku Banyamulenge Kuki Bitasuzumwa Cyangwa Ngo Bikorerwe Iperereza Mpuzamahanga?
Abaharanira uburenganzira bw’Abanyamulenge bavuga ko ibikorwa byagiye bibakorerwa bikwiye gukorwaho iperereza ryigenga ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri ku birego bitangwa n’impande zitandukanye.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, ijambo “jenoside” rifite ibisobanuro byihariye kandi risaba ibimenyetso n’imyanzuro y’inzego zifite ububasha mu butabera mpuzamahanga.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, nubwo hari abantu n’imiryango bavuga ko ibyo Abanyamulenge bakorewe cyangwa bagikorerwa byaba bifite ibimenyetso by’ibyaha bikomeye bishingiye ku bwoko, icyo cyemezo gisaba iperereza ryigenga n’imyanzuro y’inzego zibifitiye ububasha.
Ikibazo gikomeje kugarukwaho n’abaturage benshi ni uko hari abaturage bicwa, bimurwa cyangwa bahohoterwa bazira uko bavutse cyangwa ubwoko bwabo. Bityo, bavuga ko amahanga akwiriye gukora iperereza ryigenga kandi ritabogamye.
Ababikurikiranira hafi bavuga ko ukuri ari ko kwonyine gushobora gutanga ibisubizo birambye, guha ubutabera abarenganye no gukumira ko amakimbirane akomeza gufata indi ntera.
Mu gihe impande zitandukanye zikomeje guterana amagambo ku nkomoko n’imiterere y’ibibazo biri muri Kivu y’Epfo, ikibazo cy’Abanyamulenge gikomeje kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bikwiye gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’ubutabera, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri ku byavuzwe, ababigizemo uruhare baryozwe ibyo bakoze, kandi abaturage bose barindwe nta vangura.
