RDC: Ese amasezerano ya Montreux azahindura ubuzima bw’abaturage? ONU itanze umuburo ukomeye
Minembwe Capital News
Umuryango w’Abibumbye wasabye impande zirebwa n’imirwano yo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) kwihutira gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo ziyemeje mu biganiro by’amahoro, kugira ngo abaturage bakomeje kwibasirwa n’intambara batangire kubona impinduka zifatika mu buzima bwabo.
Iri jambo ryatangajwe ku wa Mbere, tariki ya 24/08/2026, na Tom Fletcher, Umunyamabanga Mukuru Wungirije w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi, akaba n’Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ubutabazi bwihutirwa muri OCHA.
Tom Fletcher yavuze ko amasezerano n’imyanzuro byagezweho mu biganiro byabereye i Montreux mu Busuwisi ari intambwe ya mbere, ariko ko igikorwa gikomeye kurushaho ari ukubihindura impinduka abaturage bashobora kubona no kumva ku butaka.
Ati: “Amasezerano yo ku munsi w’ejo i Montreux ni intangiriro ku bantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni bo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Ikigoye cyane kiracyari imbere: guhindura ibyo biyemeje ukabishyira mu bikorwa.”
ONU isaba ko abaturage baba bo bipimirwaho intambwe y’amahoro
Ku ruhande rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, agaciro k’ibyemeranyijweho mu biganiro by’amahoro ntikazapimirwa gusa ku nyandiko zasinywe cyangwa ku magambo yavugiwe mu nama, ahubwo kagomba gupimirwa cyane ku ngaruka bizagira ku baturage bakomeje kubabazwa n’amakimbirane hagati y’impande zihanganye.
Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, abaturage benshi bamaze igihe bahura n’ibibazo bikomeye birimo umutekano muke, kwimurwa ku ngufu, gutakaza imitungo n’amazu, guhagarara kw’imirimo n’ubucuruzi, ndetse n’ibibazo byo kubona ubufasha bw’ibanze.
Tom Fletcher yashimangiye ko hari ibintu bitatu bigomba gushyirwa imbere mu gihe amasezerano y’amahoro agiye kuva ku rwego rw’ibiganiro akagera ku rwego rwo kuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Icya mbere ni ukurinda abasivili.
Icya kabiri ni ukugenzura ko ibikorwa by’ubutabazi bigera ku baturage mu buryo bwizewe kandi butabangamiwe.
Icya gatatu ni uguha imiryango yibasiwe n’intambara amahirwe yo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe no kongera kubaka ubuzima bwayo.
Fletcher yavuze ko amahoro nyayo atagomba kuba amagambo ari ku mpapuro gusa, ahubwo ko agomba kuba ikintu abaturage babasha kubona mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Ati: “Kurinda abasivili. Guha abakozi b’ubutabazi uburyo bwo kugera ku baturage mu mutekano. Guha imiryango amahirwe yo kongera kubaka ubuzima bwayo. Amahoro agomba kumvikana no kugaragara ku butaka.”
Ibiganiro bya Montreux byageze ku ki?
Iri tangazo rya Tom Fletcher rije nyuma y’ibiganiro byahuje intumwa za Guverinoma ya RDC i Kinshasa n’iza AFC/M23, byabereye i Montreux mu Busuwisi kuva ku itariki ya 17 kugeza ku itariki ya 21/08/2026.
Ibyo biganiro byabaye mu rwego rw’umuhuza w’ibikorwa bya dipolomasi by’amahoro, aho uruhare rwa Qatar rwagarutsweho cyane, hamwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa barimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Togo, Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’u Busuwisi.
Kimwe mu by’ingenzi byaganiriweho ni uguteza imbere uburyo bwo gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’agahenge kari hagati y’impande zihanganye.
Impande zombi zagaragaje intambwe mu bijyanye no gushyiraho no gukomeza Mecanisme Conjoint de Vérification Élargi Plus (MCVE+), uburyo bugamije gukurikirana no kugenzura ibirebana n’agahenge, ndetse no gutanga amakuru ku bishobora kuba ari ukurenga ku byumvikanyweho.
Uburyo bwo gutanga raporo ku ihohoterwa ry’agahenge bugiye kunozwa
Mu byaganiriweho kandi harimo gushimangira uburyo impande zombi zizajya zikurikirana ibyo ziyemeje no gushyiraho uburyo bumwe bwo gutanga amakuru ku ihohoterwa ry’agahenge.
Ibi bifite akamaro kanini kuko kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu biganiro by’amahoro ari ugushinjanya hagati y’impande zihanganye ku bijyanye n’uwaba yatangiye cyangwa warenze ku gahenge.
Kuba hari uburyo bumwe bwo gukusanya no kugenzura amakuru bishobora gufasha kugabanya amakuru atizewe, gushinjanya bidafite gihamya no kongera icyizere hagati y’impande ziri mu biganiro.
Ariko kandi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubu buryo rizaba ari ingenzi cyane, kuko abaturage bo mu bice bikunze kuberamo imirwano ari bo bahita bumva ingaruka z’uko agahenge kubahirizwa cyangwa katubahirizwa.
Intambwe igana ku masezerano y’amahoro yuzuye
Ikindi cy’ingenzi cyavuye mu biganiro bya Montreux ni urupapuro rw’inzira (feuille de route) rugena ibyiciro bizakurikiraho mu biganiro bya Kinshasa na AFC/M23.
Uru rupapuro rw’inzira rugamije gufasha impande zombi gukomeza ibiganiro no kurangiza protocole zimwe na zimwe zitararangira mu rwego rw’Amasezerano y’Ishusho Rusange y’i Doha (Accord-cadre de Doha), mbere y’uko habaho icyizere cy’uko hashobora kugerwaho ku masezerano y’amahoro yuzuye.
Ibi bivuze ko ibiganiro bya Montreux bitafatwa nk’umusozo w’ibiganiro, ahubwo ari kimwe mu byiciro by’inzira ndende iganisha ku masezerano arambye.
Ikibazo gikomeye kiracyari ugushyira amasezerano mu bikorwa
Nubwo hari intambwe zagaragajwe ku rwego rwa dipolomasi, ikibazo gikomeye kiracyari ukumenya niba ibyo impande zombi ziyemeje bizagera ku baturage bo mu bice byibasiwe n’intambara.
Ku ruhande rwa ONU, ubu ni bwo buryo bw’ingenzi bwo gupima agaciro k’ibiganiro bya Montreux.
Kuko mu gihe intumwa za politiki ziganira ku masezerano, abaturage bo mu bice by’intambara baba bategereje ibintu bifatika: umutekano, gusubira mu byabo, kubona ubufasha, gufungurirwa inzira z’ubucuruzi n’ubwikorezi, kongera kubona serivisi z’ibanze no kubaho batikanga ko imirwano ishobora kongera kubasanga.
Ni muri urwo rwego Tom Fletcher yasabye ko ibyo byemezo bidakwiye kuguma mu byumba by’inama, ahubwo bigomba guhinduka ibikorwa bigaragara ku butaka.
Amahoro azasobanura iki ku burasirazuba bwa RDC?
Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa RDC kiracyari kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Ku ruhande rwa ONU, intambwe za dipolomasi zitanga icyizere, ariko icyo cyizere kizagira agaciro ari uko gaherekejwe n’impinduka mu buzima bw’abaturage.
Ni yo mpamvu ubutumwa bwa Tom Fletcher bushobora gusobanurwa nk’umuhamagaro ku mpande zose zifite uruhare muri ibi biganiro wo kuva ku “byumvikanyweho” bakajya ku “bikorwa.”
Kuri ONU, amahoro ntazaba yuzuye mu gihe abaturage bagikomeza guhunga, imiryango igatandukana, ubufasha bw’ubutabazi bukabura inzira yo kubageraho cyangwa abantu bagakomeza kubaho mu bwoba bw’imirwano.
Ikibazo gikomeye rero gisigaye ni kimwe: ese ibyo impande za Kinshasa na AFC/M23 ziyemeje i Montreux bizatangira kugaragara ku butaka, cyangwa bizongera kuba andi masezerano abaturage bategereza ko ashyirwa mu bikorwa?
Iki ni cyo kizaba ikizamini gikomeye ku ntambwe nshya y’ibiganiro by’amahoro bya RDC.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
