Mobutu Sese Seko: Umutegetsi Wayoboye Zaïre Imyaka 32, Uwasize Amateka Akomeye n’Impaka Ku Murage We muri RDC
MINEMBWE CAPITAL NEWS (MCN)
Mobutu Sese Seko ni umwe mu bategetsi bagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), ndetse n’umwe mu bayobozi bo muri Afurika bagikomeje kugibwaho impaka zikomeye.
Hari abamwibuka nk’umuyobozi washoboye kugarura ituze mu gihugu nyuma y’imvururu zakurikiye ubwigenge, akubaka ubutegetsi bukomeye ndetse agaharanira ishema n’umuco nyafurika. Ku rundi ruhande, hari abamunenga bavuga ko imyaka 32 yamaze ku butegetsi yaranzwe n’igitugu, ruswa ikabije, gucunga nabi umutungo w’igihugu ndetse no gusubiza inyuma ubukungu bwa Zaïre.
Ubuzima bwa mbere bwa Mobutu Sese Seko
Mobutu Sese Seko yavukiye i Lisala tariki ya 14/10/1930, yitwa Joseph-Désiré Mobutu. Yize mu mashuri ya Kiliziya Gatolika, nyuma aza kwinjira mu gisirikare cy’Ababiligi cyitwaga Force Publique, aho yagaragaje ubushobozi mu buyobozi no mu itumanaho.
Nyuma yaje gukora umwuga w’itangazamakuru, mbere yo kwinjira mu bikorwa bya politiki by’igihugu cya Congo cyari kigiye kubona ubwigenge.
Uko Mobutu yinjiye ku butegetsi
Nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Congo mu mwaka wa 1960, igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye bya politiki, amakimbirane hagati y’abayobozi ndetse n’imvururu za gisirikare.
Muri icyo gihe, Mobutu wari umwe mu basirikare bakomeye, yagizwe Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo za Congo. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu ihungabana rya politiki ryakurikiye ubwigenge, harimo n’ibikorwa byatumye Patrice Lumumba ava ku butegetsi.
Nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Perezida Joseph Kasavubu, Mobutu yafashe ubutegetsi binyuze muri coup d’État yabaye tariki ya 24/11/1965, ahita atangira kuyobora igihugu.
Zaïre, Authenticité n’ubutegetsi bwa MPR
Mu mwaka wa 1971, Mobutu yahinduye izina ry’igihugu riva kuri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo rihinduka Zaïre.
Yanatangije politiki yiswe Authenticité, yari igamije kugarura indangagaciro n’umuco nyafurika, aho Abanyekongo bashishikarizwaga kureka amazina n’imyambarire byafatwaga nk’iby’umurage w’ubukoloni.
Ni muri icyo gihe na we yahinduye izina rye Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, aba Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngendu wa Za Banga.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, yashyizeho ishyaka rimwe rukumbi ryari ryemewe mu gihugu, Mouvement Populaire de la Révolution (MPR), maze ubutegetsi bwa Zaïre buyoborwa n’imiyoborere ishingiye ku ishyaka rimwe.
Ibyagezweho mu ntangiriro z’ubutegetsi bwe
Mu myaka ya mbere y’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, Zaïre yabonye igihe cy’ituze ugereranyije n’imvururu zari zarakurikiye ubwigenge.
Hashyizwe imbaraga mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda, amashuri, ibitaro n’izindi serivisi rusange. Zaïre kandi yagize uruhare rukomeye muri dipolomasi ya Afurika ndetse iba igihugu gifite ijambo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (OAU).
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, Mobutu yagiraga inkunga ikomeye y’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, cyane cyane Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bubiligi, kubera ko yari umwe mu bayobozi bafatwaga nk’abarinzi b’inyungu zo kurwanya ubukomunisiti mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita (Cold War).
Kunengwa kw’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu
Nubwo hari ibyo ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwagezeho, bwakomeje kunengwa cyane n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’abasesenguzi ba politiki.
Yashinjwaga gutegekesha igitugu, guhonyora abatavuga rumwe na we, gufunga abamunengaga ndetse no gushyiraho umuco wo kumusingiza nk’umuyobozi udakwiye kunengwa.
Zaïre yari igihugu gikize ku mutungo kamere nka zahabu, diyama, umuringa na cobalt, ariko ubukungu bw’igihugu bwagiye busubira inyuma bitewe na ruswa, imicungire mibi y’umutungo wa Leta ndetse n’intege nke z’inzego za Leta.
Mu myaka ya za 1980 na 1990, ubukungu bwa Zaïre bwarushijeho kuzamba, amadeni y’igihugu ariyongera, serivisi za Leta ziradindira, abaturage benshi batangira guhura n’ubukene bukabije.
Iherezo ry’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu
Mu mwaka wa 1996, umutwe wa Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL) wari uyobowe na Laurent-Désiré Kabila watangiye urugamba rwo guhirika Mobutu.
Uyu mutwe waje gushyigikirwa n’u Rwanda na Uganda, maze intambara ikwirakwira mu bice byinshi by’igihugu.
Tariki ya 17/05/1997, abarwanyi ba AFDL binjiye i Kinshasa, Mobutu ahita ahunga igihugu nyuma y’imyaka 32 yari amaze ku butegetsi.
Nyuma y’amezi make gusa, tariki ya 07/09/1997, Mobutu Sese Seko yaguye i Rabat muri Maroc azize kanseri. Nyuma y’ihirikwa rye, igihugu cyongeye kwitwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Umurage wa Mobutu ukomeje guteza impaka
Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 25 avuye ku butegetsi, Mobutu Sese Seko aracyari umwe mu bayobozi bagibwaho impaka cyane muri Afurika.
Abamushyigikiye bavuga ko yari umuyobozi washoboye kubungabunga ubumwe bw’igihugu, guteza imbere ishema ry’Abanyekongo no gukomeza ituze mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita.
Abamunenga bo bavuga ko ubutegetsi bwe bwasize igihugu gifite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu, inzego za Leta zidakomeye ndetse n’umuco wa ruswa wakomeje kugira ingaruka kuri RDC nyuma y’umwaka wa 1997.
Isesengura rya MCN
Kuri Minembwe Capital News (MCN), gusobanukirwa amateka ya Mobutu Sese Seko ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ushaka kumenya inkomoko y’ibibazo bya politiki, ubukungu n’umutekano byagiye biranga RDC mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Amateka ye agaragaza uburyo igihugu gikize ku mutungo kamere gishobora gutera imbere cyangwa gusubira inyuma bitewe n’imiterere y’ubuyobozi, imikorere y’inzego za Leta ndetse n’uburyo umutungo w’igihugu ucungwa.
