Washington Accords: Amahoro, Amabuye y’Agaciro n’Inyungu za Amerika — Ni Iki Cyamaze Kugerwaho? Byinshi mu Isesengura
Minembwe Capital News
Amasezerano ya Washington ni kimwe mu bikorwa bya dipolomasi byashyizwe imbere cyane mu gushaka igisubizo cy’intambara imaze imyaka myinshi ibera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), ndetse no mu kongera imikoranire y’ubukungu mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Ariko kugira ngo asesengurwe neza, ni ngombwa gutandukanya ibintu bibiri bikunze kwitiranywa: Amasezerano y’Amahoro hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda yasinywe ku itariki ya 27/06/2025, n’Amasezerano ya Washington yo ku itariki ya 04/12/2025, yashyizweho umukono na Perezida wa RDC Félix Tshisekedi na Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame, ahari Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Donald Trump.
Aya masezerano ntabwo yari amasezerano yasinywe n’ibihugu bitatu ku buryo bumwe. RDC n’u Rwanda ni byo byasinye amasezerano y’amahoro, naho Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ikaba umuhuza, umushyigikiye ndetse n’umutangabuhamya w’ingenzi w’iyi gahunda. Ku itariki ya 04/12/2025, abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bashyize umukono ku cyo bise Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity, gishingiye ku masezerano y’amahoro, ku itangazo ry’amahame no ku rwego rwo kwinjiza ubukungu bw’akarere hamwe.
Ku itariki ya 27/06/2025, i Washington, D.C., Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa RDC, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, na mugenzi we w’u Rwanda Olivier Nduhungirehe, bashyize umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro yateguwe ku bufasha bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Aya masezerano yari agamije gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugabanya amakimbirane hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda no gushakira umuti ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Mu by’ingenzi harimo kubahiriza ubusugire n’imipaka ya buri gihugu, guhagarika inkunga ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro, gukemura ikibazo cy’ingabo n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu karere, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemeranyijweho.
Ku ruhande rwa RDC, imwe mu ngingo zikomeye ni ugukemura ikibazo cy’umutwe wa FDLR ukorera ku butaka bwa Congo, mu gihe u Rwanda rwiyemeje inzira ijyanye no kugabanya no kuvana ingabo cyangwa ingamba zarwo zo kwirwanaho mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, mu buryo bwateganyijwe n’amasezerano.
Amasezerano kandi ateganya ko impunzi n’abimuwe mu byabo bafashwa gutaha mu mutekano, ku bushake kandi mu cyubahiro, ndetse ko imiryango itanga ubutabazi igomba kubona uburyo bwo kugera ku baturage bugarijwe n’ibibazo.
Nyuma y’amasezerano yo ku itariki ya 27/06/2025, ibiganiro byakomeje kugeza ubwo ku itariki ya 04/12/2025 Perezida Donald Trump yakiriye Perezida Paul Kagame na Perezida Félix Tshisekedi i Washington.
Aha ni ho hashyizweho ku mugaragaro Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity.
Izi gahunda zagombaga guhuza ibintu bibiri: amahoro n’ubukungu.
Ku ruhande rw’ubukungu, RDC n’u Rwanda byashyizeho Regional Economic Integration Framework (REIF), igamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ibikorwa remezo, ubucuruzi, inganda, imiyoboro y’ubwikorezi n’ishoramari.
Ibi byatumye amasezerano ya Washington ataba gusa gahunda yo guhagarika intambara, ahubwo aba n’umushinga wo guhindura uburyo ubukungu bw’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari bukorana.
Kuki amabuye y’agaciro ari ingenzi muri aya masezerano?
RDC ifite ubutunzi budasanzwe mu butaka bwayo, burimo cobalt, umuringa, lithium, tantalum/coltan n’andi mabuye afite uruhare rukomeye mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga, ingufu n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ni yo mpamvu Washington yagiye ihuza ikibazo cy’umutekano n’icy’ubukungu.
Igitekerezo cy’ingenzi si uko RDC igomba gusa gucukura amabuye menshi, ahubwo ni uko hakwiye kubaho urunigi rw’ubukungu rutuma ayo mabuye acukurwa, akagenzurwa, akagurishwa mu buryo bwemewe, agatwarwa mu buryo bwizewe, kandi agatanga inyungu zifatika ku bihugu n’abaturage bo mu karere.
REIF iteganya kandi gukorana ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana amabuye kuva ku kirombe kugera ku isoko, kugenzura ibirombe n’inganda zitunganya amabuye, guhuza uburyo bwo gutanga impushya no kurwanya ubucuruzi butemewe n’amabuye akoreshwa mu gutera inkunga imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ni aha rero hakomoka igitekerezo cy’uko Washington itareba RDC gusa nk’igihugu gifite amabuye y’agaciro, ahubwo ishaka ko ayo mabuye aba igice cy’urunigi mpuzamahanga rw’ubukungu rufite umutekano kandi rushobora kwizerwa.
Umusaruro w’amasezerano nyuma y’umwaka urenga
Nyuma y’umwaka urenga asinywe, ntabwo byaba ari ukuri kuvuga ko amasezerano ya Washington yamaze kuzana amahoro arambye mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ahubwo umusaruro wagaragaye kugeza ubu uri muke, cyane cyane mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano no gutegura imikoranire y’ubukungu.
Hagiye habaho inama nyinshi za Joint Oversight Committee (JOC) na Joint Security Coordination Mechanism (JSCM), aho RDC, u Rwanda, Amerika n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeje kuganira ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano.
Muri izi nama, impande zombi zagiye zisuzuma ikibazo cy’umutekano, ikibazo cya FDLR, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bya gisirikare, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe bwo kumenya niba ibyo impande zombi ziyemeje biri gukorwa.
Ku itariki ya 12–13/08/2026, i Geneva mu Busuwisi, RDC n’u Rwanda byongeye guhura mu nama ya gatandatu ya JSCM. Byemeranyijweho guteza imbere uburyo bubiri bushya bwo gukurikirana no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ku butaka, ndetse hanateganywa inama y’impande zitatu mu kwezi kwa cumi 2026 izaganirwaho gahunda nshya y’ibikorwa bihuriweho. RDC kandi yagaragaje gahunda yayo yo gushyira mu bikorwa DDR ku barwanyi ba FDLR.
Ibi ni intambwe iba itewe, ariko ni intambwe yo kubaka uburyo bwo gushyira amasezerano mu bikorwa, si gihamya y’uko ikibazo cy’intambara cyakemutse burundu.
Umusaruro wagaragaye mu bukungu
Mu rwego rw’ubukungu, kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byagezweho ni ugushyiraho no kwemeza Regional Economic Integration Framework.
Iyi gahunda ishyira imbere ubufatanye mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ibikorwa remezo, inganda, ubwikorezi n’ishoramari.
Hari kandi gahunda yo kurushaho gukorera hamwe mu gukurikirana inkomoko y’amabuye y’agaciro no kurwanya magendu, kugira ngo amabuye ava mu karere ajye ku isoko mpuzamahanga afite inkomoko izwi kandi yemewe.
Ibi bishobora kugira akamaro gakomeye kuri RDC, kuko igihugu gifite umutungo kamere mwinshi ariko kikaba kigifite ikibazo cyo kuwubyazamo inganda, ibikorwa remezo n’imirimo ihagije ku baturage.
Ariko ikibazo gikomeye kiracyari umutekano
Nubwo hari intambwe muri dipolomasi, umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC wakomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye.
Mu nama yabereye i Londres mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2026, impande zombi zemeje ko imirwano yiyongereye, ko ibitero bya drones byagize ingaruka ku baturage no ku nzira y’amahoro, ndetse ko ikibazo cy’ubutabazi cyari gikomeje gukomera.
Ibi bigaragaza icyuho kiri hagati y’ibyanditswe ku mpapuro n’ibikorwa bibera ku butaka.
Amasezerano ashobora kuba afite gahunda nziza y’ubukungu n’umutekano, ariko iyo imirwano igikomeje, abaturage bagakomeza kwimuka, ibikorwa remezo bigakomeza gusenyuka ndetse imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorana bya hafi na Leta igakomeza kugira uruhare mu kibazo, intego y’amasezerano iba itaragerwaho.
Hari n’undi mubare ugomba kwitabwaho
Isuzuma ryakozwe na Baromètre des Accords de Paix en Afrique mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2026 ryagaragaje ko nyuma y’umwaka umwe, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ryari rigeze ku kigero rusange cya 35%.
Muri iryo suzuma, RDC yari imaze gushyira mu bikorwa hafi 31,7% by’inshingano zayo, mu gihe u Rwanda rwari kuri 30,6%. Abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga, barimo Amerika, Qatar n’abandi bari bafite uruhare mu nzira y’amahoro, bo bari bageze kuri 53,5%.
Iyi mibare igaragaza ko amasezerano atapfuye, ariko nanone ntiyageze ku ntego yayo yose.
Ikibazo cy’ingenzi: RDC yari yiteze iki, Amerika yo ishaka iki?
Aha ni ho isesengura ry’aya masezerano riba rikomeye.
Kinshasa ishobora kureba ikibazo mbere na mbere nk’ikibazo cy’umutekano: uko yakongera ubushobozi bwo kugenzura uburasirazuba bwa RDC, kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no kugarura ubusugire bw’igihugu.
Washington yo ishobora kuba ireba ikibazo mu buryo bwagutse: umutekano, ubukungu, amabuye y’agaciro, ibikorwa remezo n’imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi bigomba gukorana.
Ni ukuvuga ko Amerika idakeneye byanze bikunze gutsindira Kinshasa intambara ku rugamba; ishobora kuba ishaka ko habaho ibidukikije byizewe bituma ubucuruzi n’ishoramari bikora neza.
Iyi ni yo mpinduka ikomeye iri muri Washington Accords: amahoro ashyirwa mu murongo w’ubukungu, naho umutekano ugafatwa nk’ishingiro ry’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari.
Muri iyi gahunda, u Rwanda na RDC bishobora kurebwa nk’ibihugu bifite inshingano zitandukanye mu bukungu bw’akarere.
RDC ifite umutungo kamere mwinshi cyane, mu gihe u Rwanda rufite ibikorwa remezo, serivisi, ubwikorezi, imari n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza amasoko yo mu karere.
Ibi ntibisobanura ko amasezerano ateganya ko RDC igomba gutanga umutungo wayo ku Rwanda. Ahubwo REIF ishyira imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu, gukorera hamwe no guhuza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari.
Ikibazo kizaba niba ubwo bufatanye bushobora kubakwa mu buryo butuma buri gihugu, cyane cyane abaturage ba RDC, babona inyungu zigaragara.
Ikibazo cya FDLR n’ingabo z’u Rwanda
Imwe mu nkingi z’amasezerano ni ugukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano gifitwe na buri ruhande.
RDC yiyemeje gufata ingamba zo kudakomeza kwemera ibikorwa bya FDLR ku butaka bwayo, mu gihe u Rwanda rufite ibyo rwiyemeje bijyanye no gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya ingamba zarwo z’ubwirinzi.
Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2026, RDC yanagaragaje gahunda yayo ya DDR ijyanye na FDLR mu nama ya JSCM.
Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda rwakomeje kuvuga ko narwo ruri gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo rwiyemeje, ariko rugashinja RDC kutarangiza ikibazo cya FDLR. Ibi byerekana ko hakiri ukutumvikana gukomeye ku bijyanye n’uko buri ruhande rwubahiriza inshingano zarwo.
M23/AFC ntiyari mu basinye amasezerano y’amahoro
Ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa Washington Accords ni uko M23/AFC itari umwe mu basinye amasezerano y’amahoro yo ku itariki ya 27/06/2025.
Ni yo mpamvu amasezerano hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali adashobora, yonyine, guhita akemura ibibazo byose by’intambara biri ku butaka bwa RDC.
Ni na yo mpamvu inzira ya Doha hagati ya RDC na AFC/M23 yakomeje gufatwa nk’ingenzi mu gushaka igisubizo kirambye. Mu nama z’amasezerano ya Washington, impande zombi zakomeje gushyigikira ko ibiganiro bya Doha bigera ku musozo mwiza.
Ese Washington Accord ni amasezerano y’amabuye y’agaciro gusa?
Oya.
Ariko nanone ntabwo byakwirengagizwa ko amabuye y’agaciro ari imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’inyungu z’ubukungu ziri inyuma y’iyi gahunda.
Amerika ifite inyungu mu kubona amasoko yizewe y’amabuye y’agaciro akomeye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ingufu n’inganda.
RDC na yo ishaka gukoresha ubutunzi bwayo kugira ngo ibone ishoramari, ibikorwa remezo n’ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubukungu.
Bityo, amasezerano ashobora gusobanurwa nk’ubushake bwo guhuza ibintu bibiri: amahoro n’ubukungu kugira ngo amahoro arambe.
Kugeza mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2026, ishusho iracyavangavanze
Ibyagezweho:
- Hashyizweho amasezerano y’amahoro hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda.
- Hashyizweho Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity.
- Hashyizweho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano.
- Habaye inama nyinshi za JOC na JSCM.
- Hashyizweho Regional Economic Integration Framework.
- Hatangiye gushyirwaho uburyo bwo gukurikirana inkomoko y’amabuye y’agaciro no kurwanya ubucuruzi butemewe.
- RDC yashyize imbere gahunda yo gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR binyuze muri DDR.
- Impande zombi zakomeje ibiganiro n’ubufatanye bw’amahanga mu gushaka igisubizo.
Ibitari byagerwaho neza:
- Amahoro arambye mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ntaragerwaho.
- Imirwano n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakomeje kugaragara.
- Ikibazo cya FDLR ntikirarangira.
- Ibyerekeye u Rwanda n’ingamba zarwo z’ubwirinzi biracyari ikibazo.
- M23/AFC ntabwo iri mu masezerano y’amahoro hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda.
- Abaturage benshi bo mu bice by’intambara baracyugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’ubuhunzi, kwimuka n’ubutabazi.
Umwanzuro
Amasezerano ya Washington ni gahunda ikiri mu nzira.
Icyo yamaze kugeraho cyane ni ugushyiraho urubuga mpuzamahanga rwo guhuza umutekano, dipolomasi n’ubukungu, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bwemewe bwo gukurikirana ibyo RDC n’u Rwanda biyemeje.
Ariko ikizamini gikomeye kiracyari ku butaka.
Niba amasezerano azatuma intambara igabanuka, FDLR igakemurwa, ingamba za gisirikare zigahagarara, abaturage bagataha mu byabo mu mutekano, kandi ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukagira uruhare mu guteza imbere abaturage, Washington Accords izafatwa nk’imwe mu ntsinzi zikomeye za dipolomasi muri Afurika.
Ariko niba umutekano ukomeza kuzamba, imirwano ntihagarare, abaturage bagakomeza kwimuka, naho ibikorwa by’ubukungu bikihuta kurusha amahoro, aya masezerano ashobora gusigara ari inyandiko ikomeye ku mpapuro ariko idahindura ubuzima bw’abaturage ku butaka.
Mu by’ukuri, ikibazo gikomeye cya Washington ntabwo ari ukumenya niba amasezerano yarasinywe.
Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba ibyo abayasinye biyemeje bizagera ku baturage bari mu bice by’intambara.
Kandi kugeza ku itariki ya 26/06/2026, igisubizo kiracyari: hari intambwe zimwe zatewe, ariko intego nyamukuru y’amahoro arambye ntiragerwaho.
Minembwe Capital News (MCN)
